Styrenated phenol ethoxylates in emulsion polymerization
The present invention relates to the use of Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylates as surfactants in emulsion polymerization. The present invention further relates to the use of both anionic and nonionic Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylates in emulsion polymerization. Latexes with small average particle and narrow particle size distributions are obtained. Prepared latexes also have low coagulum levels and exhibit excellent mechanical and chemical stability.
1. A process for the emulsion polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond, said process comprising polymerizing said at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a water-soluble initiator and a mixture consisting of surfactants of formula I and formula II:
wherein n =1, 2 or 3; x is 1-100; Z − is selected from the group consisting of SO 3 − and PO 3 2− , and M + is Na + , K + , NH 4 + , or an alkanolamine.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said ethylenically unsaturated monomer is selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate, styrene, methyl styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl naphthalene, divinyl benzene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, decyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, decyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, amino acrylates, and amino methacrylates.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein x is 5 to 60.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein x is 5 to 40.