Combined multirate-based and fir-based filtering technique for room acoustic equalization
A combined multirate-based Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter equalization technique combines a low-order FIR equalization filter operating at a lower rate for equalization of a loudspeaker-room response at low frequencies, and a complementary low-order minimum-phase FIR equalization filter operating at a higher rate for equalization of the loudspeaker-room response at higher frequencies. The design of two complementary band filters for separately performing low and high frequency equalization, keeps the system delay at a minimum while maintaining excellent equalization performance. Splicing between the two equalization filters, for maintaining a flat magnitude response in the transition region of the two complementary filters, is done automatically through level adjustment of one equalization filter relative to the other. The present invention achieves excellent equalization at low filter orders and hence reduced computational complexity.
1. A method for equalizing audio signals, the method comprising:
processing an input signal through a low frequency equalization path comprising:
low pass filtering the input signal to obtain a low pass filtered signal;
sub sampling the low pass filtered signal to obtain a sub-sampled signal;
equalizing the sub-sampled signal with a low frequency equalization filter F(z) to obtain an equalized low frequency sub-sampled signal, the low frequency equalization filter F(z) computed by the steps:
low pass filtering a Loudspeaker Room Transfer Function (LRTF) H(z);
sub sampling the filtered LRTF H(z);
computing the low frequency equalization filter F(z) from the sub sampled filtered LRTF H(z);
up sampling the low frequency equalization filter F(z) to obtain a high sample F′(z);
computing C(z) as the product of the high sample F′(z) and the LRTF H(z);
computing the magnitude of C(z); and
computing a mean level L1 of the magnitude of C(z);
up sampling the equalized low frequency sub-sampled signal to obtain an up-sampled low frequency equalized signal; and
low pass filtering the up-sampled low frequency equalized signal to obtain a low frequency equalized signal;
processing the input signal through a high frequency equalization path comprising:
high pass filtering the input signal to obtain a high pass filtered signal; and
equalizing the high pass filtered signal with a high frequency equalization filter G(z) to obtain a high frequency equalized signal, the high frequency equalization filter G(z) computed by the steps:
high pass filtering the LRTF H(z);
computing an initial high frequency equalization filter G(z) from the high pass filtered LRTF H(z);
computing D(z) as the product of the initial high frequency equalization filter G(z) and LRTF H(z);
constraining FFT bins of the D(z) below fs/2M to 0 dB;
computing a mean level L2 of the constrained magnitude; and
applying a level adjustment of 10 ((L1-L2)/20) to the initial G(z) to obtain the high frequency equalization filter G(z); and
summing the low frequency equalized signal and the high frequency equalized signal to obtain an equalized signal.
2. The method of claim 1 , further including leveling at least one of the equalized signals before summing to provide a flat overall magnitude response.
3. The method of claim 2 , further including leveling the equalized high pass filtered signal to obtain an equalized signal to sum with the low frequency equalized signal.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
low pass filtering the input signal to obtain a low pass filtered signal comprises low pass filtering the input signal to obtain a low pass filtered signal with a first Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter; and
low pass filtering the up-sampled low frequency equalized signal comprises low pass filtering the up-sampled low frequency equalized signal with a second IIR filter.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein high pass filtering the input signal comprises high pass filtering the input signal using a third IIR filter.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
computing F(z) comprises computing F(z) using an LPC model; and
computing an initial G(z) comprises computing an initial G(z)) using the LPC model.
7. The method of claim 1 , further including:
smoothing the magnitude of C(z) and computing the mean level L1 of the smoothed magnitude of C(z); and
smoothing the magnitude of D(z) and computing the mean level L2 of the smoothed magnitude of D(z).
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
processing an input signal comprises processing a 48 KHz input signal; and
sub sampling the low pass filtered signal to obtain a sub-sampled signal comprises sub sampling the low pass filtered signal to obtain a 2 KHz sub-sampled signal.
9. A method for equalizing audio signals, the method comprising:
one time computing a low frequency equalization filter F(z) by the steps:
low pass filtering a Loudspeaker Room Transfer Function (LRTF) H(z);
sub sampling the filtered LRTF H(z); and
computing the low frequency equalization filter F(z) from the sub sampled filtered LRTF H(z); and
one time computing a high frequency equalization filter G(z) by the steps:
high pass filtering the LRTF H(z); and
computing the high frequency equalization filter G(z) from the high pass filtered LRTF H(z);
processing an input signal through a low frequency equalization path comprising:
low pass filtering the input signal to obtain a low pass filtered signal;
sub sampling the low pass filtered signal to obtain a sub-sampled signal;
equalizing the sub-sampled signal with the low frequency equalization filter F(z) to obtain an equalized low frequency sub-sampled signal, the low frequency equalization filter F(z) computed by the steps:
low pass filtering a Loudspeaker Room Transfer Function (LRTF) H(z);
sub sampling the filtered LRTF H(z);
computing the low frequency equalization filter F(z) from the sub sampled filtered LRTF H(z);
up sampling the low frequency equalization filter F(z) to obtain a high sample F′(z);
computing C(z) as the product of the high sample F′(z) and the LRTF H(z);
computing the magnitude of C(z); and
computing a mean level L1 of the magnitude of C(z);
up sampling the equalized low frequency sub-sampled signal to obtain an up-sampled low frequency equalized signal; and
low pass filtering the up-sampled low frequency equalized signal to obtain a low frequency equalized signal;
processing the input signal through a high frequency equalization path comprising:
high pass filtering the input signal to obtain a high pass filtered signal; and
equalizing the high pass filtered signal with the high frequency equalization filter G(z) to obtain a high frequency equalized signal, the equalizing of the high pass filter signal comprising the steps:
high pass filtering the LRTF H(z);
computing an initial high frequency equalization filter G(z) from the high pass filtered LRTF H(z);
computing D(z) as the product of the initial high frequency equalization filter G(z) and LRTF H(z);
constraining FFT bins of the D(z) below fs/2M to 0 dB;
computing a mean level L2 of the constrained magnitude; and
applying a level adjustment of 10 ((L1-L2)/20) to the initial G(z) to obtain the high frequency equalization filter G(z); and
summing the low frequency equalized signal and the high frequency equalized signal to obtain an equalized signal.
10. A method for equalizing audio signals, the method comprising:
processing an input signal through a low frequency equalization path comprising:
low pass filtering the input signal to obtain a low pass filtered signal;
sub sampling the low pass filtered signal to obtain a sub-sampled signal;
equalizing the sub-sampled signal with a low frequency equalization filter F(z) to obtain an equalized low frequency sub-sampled signal, the low frequency equalization filter F(z) computed by the steps:
low pass filtering a Loudspeaker Room Transfer Function (LRTF) H(z);
sub sampling the filtered LRTF H(z);
computing the low frequency equalization filter F(z) from the sub sampled filtered LRTF H(z);
up sampling the low frequency equalization filter F(z) to obtain a high sample F′(z);
computing C(z) as the product of the high sample F′(z) and the LRTF H(z);
computing the magnitude of C(z); and
computing a mean level L1 of the magnitude of C(z);
up sampling the equalized low frequency sub-sampled signal to obtain an up-sampled low frequency equalized signal; and
low pass filtering the up-sampled low frequency equalized signal to obtain a low frequency equalized signal;
processing the input signal through a high frequency equalization path comprising:
high pass filtering the input signal to obtain a high pass filtered signal; and
equalizing the high pass filtered signal with a high frequency equalization filter G(z) to obtain a high frequency equalized signal, the high frequency equalization filter G(z) computed by the steps:
high pass filtering the LRTF H(z);
computing an initial high frequency equalization filter G(z) from the high pass filtered LRTF H(z);
computing D(z) as the product of the initial high frequency equalization filter G(z) and LRTF H(z);
constraining FFT bins of the D(z) below fs/2M to 0 dB;
computing a mean level L2 of the constrained magnitude; and
applying a level adjustment of 10 ((L1-L2)/20) to the initial G(z) to obtain the high frequency equalization filter G(z); and
summing the low frequency equalized signal and the high frequency equalized signal to obtain an equalized signal.