Low weight carpet and carpet tile and methods of manufacture
Low weight and non-square carpet tile suitable for use in mass transit vehicles, particularly passenger aircraft. The carpet tile preferably weighs less than about 82 ounces per square yard. The carpet tile of this invention may have a carpet pile and at least one backing layer. The backing layer may use low weight filler material. Secondary backing plastic material may be compressed into the tile structure with pressure rollers or other pressure applying process on an improved tile production line.
1. A method for making carpet having an underside comprising:
a. laying a web onto an advancing belt in a carpet manufacturing line;
b. applying a resin layer onto the web, wherein the resin layer comprises a viscosity;
c. laying in tufted facecloth on the resin layer to form a composite structure,
d. heating the composite structure at least to a temperature at which the viscosity of the resin layer begins to decrease; and
e. while maintaining the temperature of the composite structure at or above the temperature at which the viscosity of the resin layer begins to decrease, applying pressure to the composite structure by passing the composite structure between a first pressure roller and a second pressure roller, wherein the first pressure roller contacts the tufted facecloth and the second pressure roller contacts the web and the pressure at least partially drives the web into the resin layer such that the resin layer is exposed on the underside of the composite structure,
wherein at least one of the first pressure roller and second pressure roller is chilled.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising allowing the composite structure to cool and cutting the composite structure into carpet tiles.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the carpet tiles comply with one or more of the following standards for flame, smoke or toxicity: FAR 25.853; BSS 7239; BSS 7238; D6-51377 and BSS 7230.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the web comprises fiberglass.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the fiberglass is microdenier fiberglass.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the resin layer comprises polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, or combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the resin layer further comprises a plasticizer.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the plasticizer comprises, di-iso-nonyl phthalate, tri-cresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate isopropylated, a castor bean-based plasticizer, or a combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the plasticizer comprises triphenyl phosphate isopropylated.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the resin layer further comprises a filler selected from the group consisting of glass spheres, fumed silica, a silica-based foam, and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the filler comprises glass spheres and wherein the glass spheres are hollow glass microspheres.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carpet has a weight of less than about 82 ounces per square yard.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carpet has a weight of less than about 56 ounces per square yard.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carpet has a dimensional stability of plus or minus 0.2% or less as determined by ISO 2551.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature at which the viscosity of the resin layer will begin to decrease is at least about 315° F.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first pressure roller is rubber or rubber clad and the second pressure roller is steel.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first pressure roller or the second pressure roller comprises a plurality of stops for limiting the pressure applied by the first pressure roller or the second pressure roller, and wherein the method further comprises removing the at least one stop plurality of stops on the first pressure roller or the second pressure roller prior to applying pressure to the composite structure.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tufted facecloth comprises yarn tufted into a tufting primary and a precoat layer located on an underside of the tufting primary, wherein the precoat layer comprises a flame retardant additive.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the resin layer further comprises a smoke suppressant.
20. A method for making carpet having an underside comprising:
a. laying a fiberglass web onto an advancing belt in a carpet manufacturing line;
b. applying a resin layer onto the web, wherein the resin layer comprises a viscosity and comprises a filler comprising glass spheres;
c. laying in tufted facecloth on the resin layer to form a composite structure, wherein the tufted facecloth comprises yarn tufted into a tufting primary and a precoat layer located on an underside of the tufting primary, wherein the precoat layer comprises a flame retardant additive;
d. heating the composite structure at least to a temperature at which the viscosity of the resin layer begins to decrease; and
e. while maintaining the temperature of the composite structure at or above the temperature at which the viscosity of the resin layer begins to decrease, applying pressure to the composite structure by passing the composite structure between a first pressure roller and a second pressure roller, wherein (i) the first pressure roller contacts the tufted facecloth and the second pressure roller contacts the web, (ii) at least one of the first pressure roller and second pressure roller is chilled, and (iii) the pressure at least partially drives the fiberglass web into the resin layer such that the resin layer is exposed on the underside of the composite structure,
wherein the carpet has a weight of less than about 82 ounces per square yard.