Interrogator and interrogation system employing the same
An interrogator, methods of discerning the presence of an object, and interrogation systems employing the same. In one embodiment, the interrogation systems include multiple interrogators that communicate with a base command unit to track a location of an object. In another embodiment wherein the object is an RFID object (e.g., an object with an RFID tag), the interrogators employ signal processing techniques such as precharging the RFID object, and correlating a reference code with a reply code from the RFID object using selected techniques to increase a sensitivity of the interrogator, especially for adverse environments. In other embodiments, the interrogation systems include variations of metal instruments and sponges employed therewith. In yet another embodiment, the interrogation system includes metal interrogators capable of discerning the presence of a metal object, especially in a presence of another metal object.
1. An interrogator, comprising: a radio frequency identification (RFID) sensing subsystem configured to receive a partial response from an RFID object including a portion of a reply code; and
a control and processing subsystem, including:
a correlation subsystem configured to correlate a predetermined portion of a reference code with said portion of said reply code simultaneously in a block and provide a correlation signal therefrom that provides a signal processing gain, wherein said correlation subsystem is configured to correlate in a time domain employing an exclusive OR function or employing a Fast Fourier Transform and a convolution theorem; and
a decision subsystem configured to verify a presence of said RFID object as a function of said correlation signal.
2. The interrogator as recited in claim 1 wherein said portion of said reply code includes clock information and said predetermined portion of said reference code includes synthetically derived clock information, said correlation subsystem being configured to correlate said synthetically derived clock information with said clock information of said reply code and provide a correlation signal therefrom.
3. The interrogator as recited in claim 1 wherein said portion of said reply code includes data information and said predetermined portion of said reference code includes synthetically derived data information, said correlation subsystem being configured to correlate said synthetically derived data information with said data information of said reply code and provide a correlation signal therefrom.
4. The interrogator as recited in claim 1 wherein said correlation subsystem includes multiple correlators.
5. The interrogator as recited in claim 1 wherein said correlation subsystem includes:
a correlator configured to correlate at least two bits of said reference code with at least two bits of said reply code to derive a correlation triangle,
a correlation threshold sense configured to compare said correlation triangle to a threshold criteria to derive a pulse to ascertain a peak of said correlation triangle, and
a summer configured to average a plurality of pulses from said correlation threshold sense to provide said correlation signal.
6. The interrogator as recited in claim 1 wherein said decision subsystem includes a threshold detector configured to compare said correlation signal to a threshold.
7. The interrogator as recited in claim 1 wherein said decision subsystem is configured to verify said presence of and discern information about said RFID object.
8. The interrogator as recited in claim 1 wherein said reference code is configured to be provided during an initialization stage of operation and said portion of said reply code is configured to be provided during a post-initialization stage of operation.
9. The interrogator as recited in claim 1 wherein said correlation subsystem is configured to employ multiple amplitude bits of said predetermined portion of said reference code and said portion of said reply code.
10. A method, comprising: receiving a partial response from a radio frequency identification (RFID) object including a portion of a reply code;
correlating a predetermined portion of a reference code with said portion of said reply code simultaneously in a block and providing a correlation signal therefrom that provides a signal processing gain, wherein said correlating is performed in a time domain employing an exclusive OR function or employs a Fast Fourier Transform and a convolution theorem; and
verifying a presence of said RFID object as a function of said correlation signal.
11. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein said portion of said reply code includes clock information and said predetermined portion of said reference code includes synthetically derived clock information, and said correlating includes correlating said synthetically derived clock information with said clock information of said reply code and providing a correlation signal therefrom.
12. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein said portion of said reply code includes data information and said predetermined portion of said reference code includes synthetically derived data information, and said correlating includes correlating said synthetically derived data information with said data information of said reply code and providing a correlation signal therefrom.
13. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein said correlating is performed with multiple correlators.
14. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein said correlating includes:
correlating at least two bits of said reference code with at least two bits of said reply code to derive a correlation triangle,
comparing said correlation triangle to a threshold criteria to derive a pulse to ascertain a peak of said correlation triangle, and
averaging a plurality of pulses from said correlation threshold sense to provide said correlation signal.
15. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein said verifying includes comparing said correlation signal to a threshold.
16. The method as recited in claim 10 further comprising discerning information about said RFID object.
17. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein said reference code is configured to be provided during an initialization stage of operation and said portion of said reply code is configured to be provided during a post-initialization stage of operation.
18. The method as recited in claim 10 wherein said correlating employs multiple amplitude bits of said predetermined portion of said reference code and said portion of said reply code.
19. An interrogation system, comprising: a radio frequency identification (RFID) object; and
an interrogator configured to receive a partial response from said RFID object including a portion of a reply code, including:
a correlation subsystem configured to correlate a predetermined portion of a reference code with said portion of said reply code simultaneously in a block and provide a correlation signal therefrom that provides a signal processing gain, wherein said correlation subsystem is configured to correlate in a time domain employing an exclusive OR function or employing a Fast Fourier Transform and a convolution theorem; and
a decision subsystem configured to verify a presence of said RFID object as a function of said correlation signal.
20. The interrogation system as recited in claim 19 wherein said portion of said reply code includes clock information and said predetermined portion of said reference code includes synthetically derived clock information, said correlation subsystem being configured to correlate said synthetically derived clock information with said clock information of said reply code and provide a correlation signal therefrom.
21. The interrogation system as recited in claim 19 wherein said portion of said reply code includes data information and said predetermined portion of said reference code includes synthetically derived data information, said correlation subsystem being configured to correlate said synthetically derived data information with said data information of said reply code and provide a correlation signal therefrom.
22. The interrogation system as recited in claim 19 wherein said correlation subsystem includes multiple correlators.
23. The interrogation system as recited in claim 19 wherein said correlation subsystem includes:
a correlator configured to correlate at least two bits of said reference code with at least two bits of said reply code to derive a correlation triangle,
a correlation threshold sense configured to compare said correlation triangle to a threshold criteria to derive a pulse to ascertain a peak of said correlation triangle, and
a summer configured to average a plurality of pulses from said correlation threshold sense to provide said correlation signal.
24. The interrogation system as recited in claim 19 wherein said decision subsystem includes a threshold detector configured to compare said correlation signal to a threshold.
25. The interrogation system as recited in claim 19 wherein said decision subsystem is configured to verify said presence of and discern information about said RFID object.
26. The interrogation system as recited in claim 19 wherein said reference code is configured to be provided during an initialization stage of operation and said portion of said reply code is configured to be provided during a post-initialization stage of operation.
27. The interrogation system as recited in claim 19 wherein said correlation subsystem is configured to employ multiple amplitude bits of said predetermined portion of said reference code and said portion of said reply code.