Method for fabricating composite substances for thin film electro-optical devices
A method is provided for producing an electro-optic device having at least one optically transparent conducting layer with low electrical resistance. The method includes providing a composite substrate that includes an optically transparent and electrically insulating base substrate and an electrically conducting grid disposed in grooves located in the base substrate. Also provided is an electro-optical module having at least one transparent conducting layer. The composite substrate is attached onto the electro-optic module such that electrical contact is established between the grid and the transparent conducting layer of the electro-optic module.
1. A method of producing an electro-optical device having at least one optically transparent conducting layer with low electrical resistance comprising the steps of:
providing a composite substrate that includes an optically transparent and electrically insulating base substrate and an electrically conducting grid disposed in grooves located in the base substrate, said electrically conducting grid being optically nonblocking such that all light coming to a top surface of the composite substrate at any angle is transmitted through the composite substrate without being blocked by said optically nonblocking grid;
providing an electro-optical module having at least one transparent conducting layer; and attaching said composite substrate onto said electro-optical module such that electrical contact is established between said grid and said transparent conducting layer of the electro-optical module.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said electro-optical module comprises at least one photovoltaic module having first and second conductive layers and at least first and second semiconductor layers disposed between the first and second conductive layers, said first and second semiconductor layers defining a junction at an interface therebetween, at least one of said first and second conductive layers being transparent.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said electro-optical module comprises a plurality of electro-optical modules disposed on one another, each electro-optical module having first and second conductive layers and at least first and second semiconductor layers disposed between the first and second conductive layers, and a plurality of composite substrates interposed on top of and between said modules.
4. A method of reducing optical losses in an electro-optical device having at least one patterned metal grid comprising the steps of:
providing at least one composite substrate that includes a transparent and electrically insulating base substrate and a pattern of grooves disposed in said base substrate, said pattern of grooves matching said patterned metal grid, wherein said composite substrate further includes an optically reflective material filling said grooves; and
attaching said composite substrate onto said electro-optical device and aligning said pattern of grooves on top of said patterned metal grid.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said filled grooves produce an optically non-blocking grid.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein said optically reflective material is a conducting material.
7. A method of producing a composite substrate comprising the steps of:
producing a pattern of grooves in an optically transparent and electrically insulating substrate; and
producing an embedded optically nonblocking conducting grid by filling said grooves with an electrically conducting material, said optically nonblocking grid being optically nonblocking such that all light coming to a top surface of the composite substrate at any angle is transmitted through the substrate without being blocked by said optically nonblocking grid.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein at least one of said grooves has a triangular cross-section.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the conducting material protrudes above a surface of said substrate.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein the conducting material is a conducting ink.
11. The method of claim 7 wherein the conducting material is a conducting polymer.
12. The method of claim 7 wherein the conducting material is a metal.
13. The method of claim 7 further comprising depositing a layer of transparent adhesive onto said substrate.
14. The method of claim 7 further comprising producing a plurality of holes through said substrate.
15. The method of claim 7 further comprising depositing a transparent conducting layer to establish electrical contact with said grid.
16. The method of claim 7 wherein said substrate is a glass substrate.
17. The method of claim 7 wherein said substrate is a polymer substrate.
18. The method of claim 4 wherein the grooves have a cross-sectional shape with re-entrant angles.
19. A method of producing a composite substrate comprising the steps of:
producing a pattern of grooves in an optically transparent and electrically insulating substrate; and
producing an embedded conducting grid by filling said grooves with a plurality of cylindrically shaped metal wires.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said grooves has a triangular cross-section.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein a conducting material protrudes above a surface of said substrate.
22. The method of claim 19 wherein the conducting material is a metal.
23. The method of claim 19 further comprising depositing a layer of transparent adhesive onto said substrate.
24. The method of claim 19 further comprising producing a plurality of holes through said substrate.
25. The method of claim 19 wherein said substrate is a glass substrate.
26. The method of claim 19 wherein said substrate is a polymer substrate.