Techniques for placing medical leads for electrical stimulation of nerve tissue
This disclosure is directed to extra, intra, and transvascular medical lead placement techniques for arranging medical leads and electrical stimulation and/or sensing electrodes proximate nerve tissue within a patient.
1. A method for implanting at least one implantable medical lead to deliver stimulation to a target nerve tissue stimulation site of a vagus nerve, the method comprising:
making an incision through a sheath of tissue that surrounds the target nerve tissue stimulation site within a patient;
guiding a portion of one of the at least one implantable medical lead through the incision and into an extravascular space defined by the sheath of tissue to place an electrode, which is electrically connected to the portion, adjacent the target nerve tissue stimulation site; and
anchoring the lead at a location proximally offset from the electrode and at least partially outside of the sheath adjacent to the incision.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the medical lead is guided along one of a guidewire or a stylus.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein anchoring the lead comprises engaging or suturing protruding tabs of a sleeve, in which the lead is received, to tissue in proximity to the incision.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one implantable medical lead comprises a first lead and a second lead, the first lead being the one having the portion guided through the incision, and further comprising placing the second medical lead such that an electrode of the lead, electrically connected thereto, is arranged along a generally opposing side of the target nerve tissue stimulation site from the electrode of the first lead.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the second lead is placed in the extravascular space.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the second lead is placed intravascularly.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the second lead is placed transvascularly from within a blood vessel and into the extravascular space.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the location at which the lead is anchored is proximally offset from the electrode by a distance of between approximately 1 cm and approximately 15 cm.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the distance is no greater than approximately 2 cm.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising sealing the incision with a sleeve in which the lead is received; and wherein anchoring the lead comprises engaging or suturing protruding tabs of the sleeve to tissue in proximity to the incision.