Low-profile illumination device
An illumination system in accordance with an embodiment hereof includes a first substantially flat waveguide for propagating and emitting light. The first waveguide may include a plurality of optical elements increasing in density from an edge to the center of the first waveguide. Light enters the first waveguide at the edge, and light is emitted from the top surface of the first waveguide. The intensity of the emitted light is substantially uniform over the top surface.
1. An illumination structure comprising:
a first substantially flat waveguide for propagating and emitting light, the first waveguide comprising one or more optical elements for coupling light out of the first waveguide;
a second substantially flat waveguide disposed beneath the first waveguide and defining an interface therebetween, the second waveguide comprising (i) an in-coupling region for receiving light from a discrete light source and (ii) surrounding the in-coupling region, a propagation region for retaining therein and spreading therethrough light from the in-coupling region, the propagation region terminating in an edge through which light is emitted; and
a perimeter reflector surrounding the first and second waveguides, the perimeter reflector reflecting light emerging from the edge of the propagation region of the second waveguide into the edge of the first waveguide,
wherein (i) a first portion of light emitted by the discrete light source propagates from at least one of the in-coupling region or the propagation region into the first waveguide through the interface, (ii) a second portion of light emitted by the discrete light source is retained in the propagation region until emitted at the edge thereof, the perimeter reflector reflecting the second portion of the light into the first waveguide at an edge thereof, and (iii) light is emitted from a top surface of the first waveguide, an intensity of the emitted light being substantially uniform over the top surface.
2. The illumination structure of claim 1 , wherein the discrete light source is embedded within the in-coupling region.
3. The illumination structure of claim 2 , wherein the discrete light source is a bare light-emitting diode die.
4. The illumination structure of claim 1 , further comprising a heat spreader disposed below the second waveguide.
5. The illumination structure of claim 1 , wherein the interface comprises a partially transmissive coating on at least one of a discrete foil disposed at the interface, a discrete film disposed at the interface, a surface of the first waveguide facing the second waveguide, or a surface of the second waveguide facing the first waveguide.
6. The illumination structure of claim 1 , wherein the interface comprises an air gag between the first and second waveguides.
7. The illumination structure of claim 1 , wherein indices of refraction of the first and second waveguides are greater than an index of refraction of the interface.
8. The illumination structure of claim 1 , wherein the first waveguide comprises a phosphor material for converting light to a different wavelength.
9. The illumination structure of claim 1 , wherein the one or more optical elements comprise at least one of microlenses or scattering particles.
10. The illumination structure of claim 9 , wherein the one or more optical elements comprise scattering particles, the scattering particles comprising a phosphor material.
11. The illumination structure of claim 1 , wherein the top surface of the first waveguide is substantially circular.
12. The illumination structure of claim 1 , wherein the light emitted from the top surface of the first waveguide is substantially white.
13. The illumination structure of claim 1 , wherein the one or more optical elements comprise a plurality of optical elements increasing in density from the edge of the first waveguide to a center of the first waveguide.
14. A method of illumination, the method comprising:
emitting light into a bottom waveguide;
propagating a first portion of the light into a top waveguide disposed over the bottom Waveguide through an interface therebetween;
propagating a second portion of the light to an edge of the bottom waveguide;
reflecting the second portion of the light at the edge into the top waveguide; and
emitting light from a top surface of the top waveguide, an intensity of the emitted light being substantially uniform over the top surface.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising converting a wavelength of at least some of at least one of the first portion of light or the second portion of light to a different wavelength.
16. The method of claim 14 , further comprising recycling at least some of at least one of the first portion of light or the second portion of light back into the bottom waveguide prior to emission thereof from the top surface of the top waveguide.