Method and amplifier for operating a synchronous motor

1. A method for operating a synchronous motor, the synchronous motor comprising a first motor component and a second motor component which are movable relative to each other,

wherein the first motor component is configured to generate a magnetic field,

wherein the second motor component comprises a magnetic field which is static with regard to the second motor component,

wherein in the case of a difference in the orientation between the magnetic fields of the first and the second motor component the first and the second motor component are moved relatively to each other,

and wherein the magnetic field of the first motor component is gradually aligned in the direction of the magnetic field of the second motor component by carrying out the following method steps:

a) generating a magnetic field by means of the first motor component in a predetermined orientation in order to generate a relative movement between the first and the second motor component limited to a predetermined value;

b) determining a direction of movement of the limited relative movement between the first and the second motor component; and

c) repeating method steps a) and b) until a change in the direction of movement of the limited relative movement between the first and the second motor component occurs,

wherein during repetition of the method steps a) and b) in each case in method step a) a magnetic field having a changed orientation with regard to the previously generated magnetic field is generated by means of the first motor component, wherein the orientation of the magnetic field is respectively changed by a predetermined orientation section and depending on the determined direction of movement.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first motor component is stationary and the second motor component is movable with regard to the first motor component, and wherein the orientation of the magnetic field generated by means of the first motor component is in each case changed in a direction opposite to the determined direction of movement.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second motor component is stationary and the first motor component is movable with regard to the second motor component, and wherein the orientation of the magnetic field generated by means of the first motor component is in each case changed in a direction which corresponds to the determined direction of movement.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein after method step c) a further magnetic field is generated by means of the first motor component, wherein the orientation of the further magnetic field is chosen to be in the middle between the orientations of the two magnetic fields generated lastly by means of the first motor component and the strength of the further magnetic field is increased starting at zero up to a predetermined value.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein after method step c) a further magnetic field is generated by means of the first motor component starting from the last orientation and the relative movement between the first and the second motor component is determined, wherein the strength of the further magnetic field is increased starting from zero up to a predetermined value and the orientation of the further magnetic field is changed until the relative movement between the first and the second motor component comes to a halt.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein method step a) comprises increasing the strength of the magnetic field starting from zero.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the relative movement between the first and the second motor component generated in method step a) is terminated after passing through the predetermined value of the relative movement by switching off the magnetic field generated by means of the first motor component.

8. The method according claim 1 , wherein in the case that during a first generation of a magnetic field by means of the first motor component in the predetermined orientation no relative movement is generated between the first and the second motor component in method step a), a different orientation is predefined and method step a) is carried out again with the different orientation.

9. An amplifier for operating a synchronous motor, the synchronous motor comprising a first motor component, a second motor component and an encoder,

wherein the first motor component is configured to generate a magnetic field,

wherein the second motor component comprises a magnetic field which is static with regard to the second motor component,

wherein in the case of a difference in the orientation between the magnetic fields of the first and the second motor component a relative movement between the first and the second motor component occurs which is determinable by means of the encoder,

wherein the amplifier comprises a power unit and a control unit,

wherein the power unit is configured to provide an electric current to the first motor component for generating a magnetic field in different orientations,

wherein the control unit is configured to control the power unit and to evaluate the relative movement determined by means of the encoder,

wherein the control unit is further configured to initiate a gradual alignment of the magnetic field of the first motor component in the direction of the magnetic field of the second motor component within the framework of starting the operation of the synchronous motor, which is effected in that the control unit

initiates in a method step a) the generation of a magnetic field by means of the first motor component in a predetermined orientation in order to generate a relative movement between the first and the second motor component limited to a predetermined value,

determines in a method step b) a direction of movement of the limited relative movement between the first and the second motor component by means of the encoder, and

repeats the two method steps a) and b) until a change in the direction of movement of the limited relative movement between the first and the second motor component occurs,

wherein during repetition of the method steps a) and b) the control unit in each case initiates in method step a) that the magnetic field is generated by means of the first motor component having a changed orientation with regard to the previously generated magnetic field, wherein the orientation of the magnetic field is respectively changed by a predetermined orientation section and depending on the direction of movement determined by means of the encoder.

10. The amplifier according to claim 9 , wherein the control unit is further configured, after repetition of method steps a) and b), to initiate the generation of a further magnetic field by means of the first motor component, the orientation of the further magnetic field being chosen in the middle between the orientations of the two magnetic fields generated lastly by means of the first motor component and the strength of which being increased starting from zero up to a predetermined value.

11. The amplifier according to claim 9 , wherein the control unit is further configured, after repetition of method steps a) and b), to initiate the generation of a further magnetic field by means of the first motor component starting from the last orientation, the strength of which being increased starting from zero up to a predetermined value and the orientation of which being changed until the relative movement between the first and the second motor component comes to a halt.

12. The amplifier according to claim 9 , wherein the control unit is configured to initiate in method step a) that the strength of the magnetic field is increased starting from zero.

13. The amplifier according claim 9 , wherein the control unit is configured to initiate a termination of the magnetic field generated in method step a) by means of the first motor component, provided that the relative movement between the first and the second motor component determined by means of the encoder has passed through the predetermined value.

14. The amplifier according to claim 9 , wherein the control unit is configured, in the case that during a first generation of a magnetic field by means of the first motor component in the predetermined orientation no relative movement is generated between the first and the second motor component in method step a), to initiate the generation of a magnetic field by means of the first motor component in a different orientation in order to carry out method step a) again with the different orientation.

15. A system comprising an amplifier and a synchronous motor, wherein the synchronous motor comprises a first motor component, a second motor component and an encoder,

wherein the first motor component is configured to generate a magnetic field,

wherein the second motor component comprises a magnetic field which is static with regard to the second motor component,

wherein in the case of a difference in the orientation between the magnetic fields of the first and the second motor component a relative movement between the first and the second motor component occurs which is determinable by means of the encoder,

wherein the amplifier comprises a power unit and a control unit,

wherein the power unit is configured to provide an electric current to the first motor component for generating a magnetic field in different orientations,

wherein the control unit is configured to control the power unit and to evaluate the relative movement determined by means of the encoder,

wherein the control unit is further configured to initiate a gradual alignment of the magnetic field of the first motor component in the direction of the magnetic field of the second motor component within the framework of starting the operation of the synchronous motor, which is effected in that the control unit

initiates in a method step a) the generation of a magnetic field by means of the first motor component in a predetermined orientation in order to generate a relative movement between the first and the second motor component limited to a predetermined value,

determines in a method step b) a direction of movement of the limited relative movement between the first and the second motor component by means of the encoder, and

repeats the two method steps a) and b) until a change in the direction of movement of the limited relative movement between the first and the second motor component occurs,

wherein during repetition of the method steps a) and b) the control unit in each case initiates in method step a) that the magnetic field is generated by means of the first motor component having a changed orientation with regard to the previously generated magnetic field, wherein the orientation of the magnetic field is respectively changed by a predetermined orientation section and depending on the direction of movement determined by means of the encoder.

16. The system according to claim 15 , wherein the control unit is further configured, after repetition of method steps a) and b), to initiate the generation of a further magnetic field by means of the first motor component, the orientation of the further magnetic field being chosen in the middle between the orientations of the two magnetic fields generated lastly by means of the first motor component and the strength of which being increased starting from zero up to a predetermined value.

17. The system according to claim 15 , wherein the control unit is further configured, after repetition of method steps a) and b), to initiate the generation of a further magnetic field by means of the first motor component starting from the last orientation, the strength of which being increased starting from zero up to a predetermined value and the orientation of which being changed until the relative movement between the first and the second motor component comes to a halt.