Food-grade lubricant compositions comprising estolide compounds
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R 1 , independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R 2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R 3 and R 4 , independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
1. A method of lubricating food service equipment, comprising contacting at least a portion of the food service equipment with a food-grade lubricant composition comprising at least one estolide compound selected from compounds of Formula I:
wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
n is an integer greater than or equal to 0;
R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one estolide compound is independently optionally substituted.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
n is an integer selected from 0 to 8;
R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue is unsubstituted.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein
x+y is, independently for each chain, an integer selected from 13 to 15; and
n is an integer selected from 0 to 6.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is an unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein R 2 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein R 2 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecanyl, dodecanyl, tridecanyl, tetradecanyl, pentadecanyl, hexadecanyl, heptadecanyl, octadecanyl, nonadecanyl, and icosanyl, which are saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein R 2 is an unsubstituted C 6 to C 12 alkyl that is saturated and branched.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is an unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein R 1 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecanyl, dodecanyl, tridecanyl, tetradecanyl, pentadecanyl, hexadecanyl, heptadecanyl, octadecanyl, nonadecanyl, and icosanyl, which are saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein R 1 is an unsubstituted C 7 to C 17 alkyl that is unbranched and saturated or unsaturated.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein R 1 is saturated.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said food-grade lubricant composition has an EN selected from an integer or fraction of an integer that is equal to or less than 2, wherein EN is the average number of estolide linkages in compounds according to Formula I.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said at least one estolide compound has a kinematic viscosity equal to or less than 55 cSt when measured at 40° C.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said at least one estolide compound has a pour point equal to or lower than −25° C.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said food-grade lubricant composition further comprises at least one polyalphaolefin.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the at least one polyaphaolefin is selected from one or more of PAO2, PAO4, PAO6, PAO8, PAO9, PAO10, PAO40, or PAO100.
20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said food-grade lubricant composition further comprises at least one antioxidant.
21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the at least antioxidant is selected from one or more of an amine antioxidant, a phenolic antioxidant, or an organometallic antioxidant.
22. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said food-grade lubricant composition further comprises at least one of a separation preventer, a stability enhancer, a surfactant, a biocide, a corrosion inhibitor, an abrasion inhibitor, a viscosity index improver, a pour point depressant, a dispersant, or an antifoaming agent.