Continuous process for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons
A method comprising providing a halogen stream; providing a first alkane stream; reacting at least a portion of the halogen stream with at least a portion of the first alkane stream to form a halogenated stream, wherein the halogenated stream comprises alkyl monohalides, alkyl polyhalides, and a hydrogen halide; providing a second alkane stream; and reacting at least a portion of the second alkane stream with at least a portion of the alkyl polyhalides to create at least some additional alkyl monohalides.
1. A system for forming hydrocarbons comprising:
a halogenation reactor, wherein the halogenation reactor receives a quantity of halogen and a first quantity of alkane and produces a halogenated product;
a reproportionation reactor, wherein the reproportionation reactor receives the halogenated product and a second quantity of alkane and produces at least some alkyl monohalide and a first quantity of hydrogen halide;
an oligomerization reactor comprising an oligomerization catalyst, wherein the oligomerization reactor receives alkyl monohalide and produces a quantity of hydrocarbon product and a second quantity of hydrogen halide;
a separator, wherein the separator receives the quantity of hydrocarbon product, the first quantity of hydrogen halide, and the second quantity of hydrogen halide and produces an acid stream comprising substantially all of the hydrogen halide and a gas stream comprising substantially all of the hydrocarbon product; and
an oxidation reactor, wherein the oxidation reactor receives the acid stream and a source of oxygen and produces at least a quantity of halogen.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the halogenation reactor is located in a first zone of a reactor vessel and the reproportionation reactor is located in a second zone of the reactor vessel.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein the first zone is located upstream of the second zone.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the halogenation reactor contains a halogenation catalyst.
5. The system of claim 4 wherein the halogenation catalyst comprises at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of: a zeolite, an amorphous alumino-silicate, an acidic zirconia, a tungstate, a solid phosphoric acid, a metal oxide, a mixed metal oxide, a metal halide, and a mixed metal halide.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the halogenation reactor, the reproportionation reactor, and the oligomerization reactor comprises at least one material of construction selected from the group consisting of: Au, Co, Cr, Fe, Nb, Ni, Pt, Ta, Ti, Zr, and an alloy thereof.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the halogenation reactor, the reproportionation reactor, and the oligomerization reactor comprises a fixed bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor.
8. A system for forming hydrocarbons comprising:
a halogenation reactor, wherein the halogenation reactor receives a quantity of halogen and a first quantity of alkane and produces a halogenated product;
a reproportionation reactor, wherein the reproportionation reactor receives the halogenated product and a second quantity of alkane and produces at least some alkyl monohalide and a first quantity of hydrogen halide; and
an oligomerization reactor comprising an oligomerization catalyst, wherein the oligomerization reactor receives alkyl monohalide and produces a quantity of hydrocarbon product and a second quantity of hydrogen halide;
a separator, wherein the separator receives the quantity of hydrocarbon product, the first quantity of hydrogen halide, and the second quantity of hydrogen halide and produces an acid stream comprising substantially all of the hydrogen halide and a gas stream comprising substantially all of the hydrocarbon product;
an oxidation reactor, wherein the oxidation reactor receives the acid stream and a source of oxygen and produces at least a quantity of halogen; and
a dehydrohalogenation reactor comprising a dehydrohalogenation catalyst, wherein the dehydrohalogenation reactor receives the gas stream containing substantially all of the hydrocarbon product and produces a dehalogenated gas stream and a third quantity of hydrogen halide.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein the halogenation reactor is located in a first zone of a reactor vessel and the reproportionation reactor is located in a second zone of the reactor vessel.
10. The system of claim 8 wherein the first zone is located upstream of the second zone.
11. The system of claim 8 wherein the halogenation reactor contains a halogenation catalyst.
12. The system of claim 11 wherein the halogenation catalyst comprises at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of: a zeolite, an amorphous alumino-silicate, an acidic zirconia, a tungstate, a solid phosphoric acid, a metal oxide, a mixed metal oxide, a metal halide, and a mixed metal halide.