Thermal energy storage and cooling system with secondary refrigerant isolation
Disclosed are a method and device for a refrigerant-based thermal storage system wherein a condensing unit and an ice-tank heat exchanger can be isolated through a second heat exchanger. The disclosed embodiments provide a refrigerant-based ice storage system with increased reliability, lower cost components, and reduced power consumption compared to non-isolated systems.
1. A thermal energy storage and cooling system comprising:
a refrigerant loop comprising:
a condensing unit, said condensing unit comprising a compressor and a condenser;
an expansion device connected downstream of said condensing unit; and,
an evaporator on a primary side of an isolating heat exchanger located downstream of said expansion device;
a cooling loop on a secondary side of said isolating heat exchanger in thermal communication with said primary side of said isolating heat exchanger comprising:
a tank filled with a fluid capable of a phase change between liquid and solid and containing a primary heat exchanger therein, said primary heat exchanger in thermal communication with said secondary side of said isolating heat exchanger, said cooling loop that allows transfer of cooling from said secondary side of said isolating heat exchanger to said primary heat exchanger to cool said fluid and to freeze at least a portion of said fluid within said tank in a first time period, said cooling loop that allows transfer of cooling from said primary heat exchanger to said secondary side of said isolating heat exchanger to cool said primary side of said isolating heat exchanger in a second time period; and,
a load heat exchanger in thermal communication with said isolating heat exchanger and said condensing unit that allows cooling capacity to be transferred from said condensing unit to said load heat exchanger or said primary heat exchanger to said load heat exchanger.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said expansion device is a thermal expansion valve.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein said refrigerant loop further comprises:
a refrigerant receiver for accumulation and storage of said first refrigerant.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein said expansion device is a mixed-phase regulator.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein said fluid is a eutectic material.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein said fluid is water.
7. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
an air handler unit that assists in distributing cooling from said load heat exchanger to said heat load; and,
a photovoltaic power source for powering said liquid refrigeration pump and said air handler.
8. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a valve structure that facilitates cooling capacity to be transferred from said condensing unit to said primary heat exchanger and prohibiting cooling capacity to be transferred from said condensing unit to said load heat exchanger.
9. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a valve structure that facilitates cooling capacity to be transferred from said condensing unit to said load heat exchanger and prohibiting cooling capacity to be transferred from said condensing unit to said primary heat exchanger.
10. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a valve structure that facilitates cooling capacity to be transferred from said primary heat exchanger to said load heat exchanger.
11. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a refrigerant receiver for accumulation and storage of said first refrigerant.
12. The system of claim 1 wherein said load heat exchanger is at least one mini-split evaporator.
13. The system of claim 1 wherein said load heat exchanger is a plurality of evaporators.
14. A method of providing load cooling with a thermal energy storage and cooling system comprising:
storing cooling capacity in a first time period comprising:
compressing and condensing a refrigerant with a condensing unit in a refrigerant loop;
expanding said refrigerant downstream of said condensing unit; and,
evaporating said refrigerant on a primary side of an isolating heat exchanger located downstream of said expansion device;
transferring cooling from said expanded refrigerant to a secondary side of said isolating heat exchanger;
transferring cooling from said secondary side of said isolating heat exchanger to a primary heat exchanger located in a tank filled with a fluid capable of a phase change between liquid and solid; and,
transferring cooling from said primary heat exchanger to said fluid to freeze at least a portion of said fluid within said tank to provide stored cooling capacity;
utilizing said stored cooling capacity in a second time period comprising:
transferring cooling from said fluid to said primary heat exchanger;
transferring cooling from said primary heat exchanger to said isolating heat exchanger; and,
transferring cooling from said isolating heat exchanger to a load heat exchanger;
providing direct cooling in a third time period comprising:
compressing and condensing said refrigerant with said condensing unit in said refrigerant loop;
expanding said refrigerant downstream of said condensing unit; and,
evaporating said refrigerant downstream of said expansion device; and, transferring cooling from said expanded refrigerant to said load heat exchanger.
15. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step:
expanding said refrigerant downstream of said condensing unit with a thermal expansion valve in said first time period or said third time period.
16. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step:
accumulating and storing said refrigerant with a refrigerant receiver.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein said step of transferring cooling from said expanded refrigerant to said load heat exchanger further comprises:
distributing cooling from said load heat exchanger to said heat load with an air handler unit.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein said step of transferring cooling from said expanded refrigerant to said load heat exchanger further comprises:
transferring cooling from said expanded refrigerant to at least one mini-split evaporator.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein said step of transferring cooling from said expanded refrigerant to said load heat exchanger further comprises:
transferring cooling from said expanded refrigerant to a plurality of evaporators.
20. A means for providing load cooling with a thermal energy storage and cooling system comprising:
a means for storing cooling capacity in a first time period comprising:
a means for compressing and condensing a refrigerant with a condensing unit in a refrigerant loop;
a means for expanding said refrigerant downstream of said condensing unit; and,
a means for evaporating said refrigerant on a primary side of an isolating heat exchanger located downstream of said expansion device;
a means for transferring cooling from said expanded refrigerant to a secondary side of said isolating heat exchanger;
a means for transferring cooling from said secondary side of said isolating heat exchanger to a primary heat exchanger located in a tank filled with a fluid capable of a phase change between liquid and solid; and,
a means for transferring cooling from said primary heat exchanger to said fluid to freeze at least a portion of said fluid within said tank to provide stored cooling capacity;
a means for utilizing said stored cooling capacity in a second time period comprising:
a means for transferring cooling from said fluid to said primary heat exchanger;
a means for transferring cooling from said primary heat exchanger to said isolating heat exchanger; and,
a means for transferring cooling from said isolating heat exchanger to a load heat exchanger;
a means for providing direct cooling in a third time period comprising:
a means for compressing and condensing said refrigerant with said condensing unit in said refrigerant loop;
a means for expanding said refrigerant downstream of said condensing unit; and,
a means for evaporating said refrigerant downstream of said expansion device; and, transferring cooling from said expanded refrigerant to said load heat exchanger.