Method of manufacturing display medium, display medium, and display apparatus

1. A method of manufacturing a display medium, comprising:

preparing a first substrate on which a gap retaining member that retains a gap between substrates is disposed in a protruded form;

forming a sealing layer on a surface of the first substrate and the gap retaining member;

applying an adhesive, comprising a solvent-drying type adhesive including an an adhesive component which is insoluble in a dispersion medium of a particle dispersion liquid and a solvent which is incompatible with the dispersion medium of the particle dispersion liquid, to a top surface of the gap retaining member via the sealing layer, the sealing layer being insoluble in the solvent of the adhesive;

disposing a particle dispersion liquid, comprising migrating particles and a dispersion medium which disperses the migrating particles, on an area surrounded by the first substrate and the gap retaining member; and

adhering the first substrate and a second substrate together via the gap retaining member, by contacting the second substrate with the adhesive applied to the top surface of the gap retaining member and drying the solvent of the adhesive so as to adhere the second substrate to the top surface of the gap retaining member by the adhesive component of the adhesive, thereby adhering the first substrate and the second substrate together via the gap retaining member in a state in which the adhesive component of the adhesive is absent on a surface of the second substrate that faces the first substrate, except where the surface corresponds to the top surface of the gap retaining member;

the sealing layer having a smaller contact angle with respect to the solvent of the adhesive than a contact angle with respect to the solvent of the adhesive on the top of the surface of the gap retaining member, and the contact angle of the sealing layer with respect to the solvent of the adhesive being in a range of from 0° to 30°.

2. The method of manufacturing a display medium of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate allows permeation of a vaporized solvent of the adhesive and does not allow permeation of a vaporized dispersion medium of the particle dispersion liquid.

3. The method of manufacturing a display medium of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate is formed by including a reactive polyvinyl alcohol or a methanol-containing polyvinyl alcohol, and the adhesive is water-soluble.

4. The method of manufacturing a display medium of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate comprises a layer on the surface which faces the first substrate when the second substrate and the first substrate are adhered together, and the layer is insoluble in the solvent of the adhesive and has a smaller contact angle with respect to the solvent of the adhesive than that of the second substrate.

5. The method of manufacturing a display medium of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate has a support substrate on a surface which is opposite to the surface which faces the first substrate when the second substrate and the first substrate are adhered together, the method further comprising peeling the support substrate off from the second substrate after adhering the first substrate and the second substrate together.

6. A display medium, comprising:

a first substrate;

a second substrate which is disposed so as to face the first substrate;

a gap retaining member which is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the gap retaining member retaining a gap between the first substrate and the second substrate;

a sealing layer on a surface of the first substrate and the gap retaining member;

a display unit having a particle dispersion liquid, comprising migrating particles and a dispersion medium which disperses the migrating particles, the display unit being disposed in an area surrounded by the first substrate, the second substrate and the gap retaining member; and

an adhesive layer that attaches the second substrate to the gap retaining member via the sealing layer, the adhesive layer being disposed between the second substrate and the gap retaining member via the sealing layer and not being disposed on a surface of the second substrate that faces the first substrate, except where the surface corresponds to a top surface of the gap retaining member, and the adhesive layer comprising a solvent-drying type adhesive including an adhesive component which is (i) insoluble in the dispersion medium of the particle dispersion liquid and (ii) incompatible with the dispersion medium of the particle dispersion liquid, the sealing layer being insoluble in a solvent of the adhesive, the sealing layer having a smaller contact angle with respect to the solvent of the adhesive than a contact angle with respect to the solvent of the adhesive on the top surface of the gap retaining member, and the contact angle of the sealing layer with respect to the solvent of the adhesive being in a range of from 0° to 30°.

7. The display medium of claim 6 , wherein the second substrate allows permeation of a vaporized solvent of the adhesive and does not allow permeation of a vaporized dispersion medium of the particle dispersion liquid.

8. The display medium of claim 6 , wherein the second substrate is formed by including a reactive polyvinyl alcohol or a methanol-containing polyvinyl alcohol, and the adhesive is water-soluble.

9. The display medium of claim 6 , wherein the second substrate comprises a layer on the surface which faces the first substrate when the second substrate and the first substrate are adhered together, and the layer is insoluble in the solvent of the adhesive and has a smaller contact angle with respect to the solvent of the adhesive than that of the second substrate.

10. A display apparatus comprising:

the display medium of claim 6 ; and

an electrical field-generating unit which forms an electrical field between the pair of substrates disposed on the display medium.