Compact pressure swing reformer
Embodiments of a compact pressure swing reformer are disclosed. Certain embodiments have a construction comprising multiple rotating reformer beds, high temperature rotary valves at the bed ends, and E-seals to seal the beds to the valves. Several possible designs for introducing reactants into the beds also are disclosed. The multiple reformer beds are configured to provide for pressure equalization and ‘steam push’. The compact pressure swing reformer is suitable for use in fuel cell vehicle applications.
1. A pressure swing reformer, comprising:
a reformer bed assembly comprising at least two reactor beds wherein each bed has a feed and a product end;
a rotary valve at one end of the reactor beds, the rotary valve comprising a flat, stationary stator comprising at least one port, and a flat, rotating seal comprising at least one rectangular port, wherein the rectangular seal port periodically aligns with the stator port with rotation of the seal; and
a direct liquid injector located in the stator port, wherein the direct liquid injector has a fan shaped spray pattern approximately equal to the width of the rectangular stator seal port.
2. The pressure swing reformer of claim 1 comprising a rotary valve at the feed ends of the reactor beds, and a rotary valve at the product ends of the reactor beds.
3. The pressure swing reformer of claim 1 wherein the reformer bed assembly rotates.
4. A method of pressure swing reforming fuel and water, comprising:
providing a pressure swing reformer comprising:
a reformer bed assembly comprising at least two reactor beds wherein each bed has a feed and a product end;
a rotary valve at one end of the reactor beds, the rotary valve comprising a flat, stationary stator comprising at least one port, and a flat, rotating seal comprising at least one rectangular port, wherein the rectangular seal port periodically aligns with the stator port with rotation of the seal; and
a direct liquid injector located in the stator port, wherein the direct liquid injector has a fan shaped spray pattern approximately equal to the width of the rectangular stator seal port; and
performing in each reactor bed of the reformer bed assembly, the sequentially repeated steps of:
pressurizing a reactor bed at the feed end with fuel and water while the product end valve of the reactor bed is closed;
reforming fuel and water in the reactor bed while continuing to admit fuel and water at the feed end and while the product end valve of the reactor is open, thereby providing syngas product from the product end of the reactor bed;
exhausting remaining gas in the reactor bed from the feed end; and
regenerating the reactor bed by supplying fuel and oxidant to the product end of the reactor bed while the feed end valve is open, thereby exhausting regeneration flue gas from the feed end of the reactor bed.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the pressure swing reformer comprises a rotary valve at the feed ends of the reactor beds, and a rotary valve at the product ends of the reactor beds.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the reformer bed assembly rotates.
7. A rotary valve pressure swing reformer including a reformer bed assembly comprising at least two reactor beds wherein each bed has a feed and a product end; valves at the feed ends of the reactor beds; and valves at the product ends of the reactor beds; wherein the pressure swing reformer comprises a first rotary valve assembly for supplying a first liquid feed to the reactor beds, the first rotary valve assembly comprising:
a flat stationary stator comprising at least one port;
a flat rotating seal comprising at least one port, wherein the rotating seal port periodically lines up with the stationary stator port with rotation of the rotating seal;
a pipe connected at one end to the rotating seal port for directing the first liquid feed flowing through the rotating seal port into a reactor bed in the reformer; and
an atomizing nozzle connected to the other end of the pipe.
8. The pressure swing reformer of claim 7 comprising a second rotary valve assembly for supplying a second liquid feed to the reactor beds.
9. The pressure swing reformer of claim 8 wherein the first liquid is fuel and the second liquid is water.
10. The pressure swing reformer of claim 8 wherein the first and second rotary valve assemblies are at opposite ends of the reformer bed assembly.