Method for determining the closing time of an electromagnetic fuel injector
A method for determining the closing time of an electromagnetic fuel injector including the steps of applying at a starting time of the injection a positive voltage to the coil of the electromagnetic actuator in order to circulate through the coil an electric current which causes the opening of an injection valve; applying at an ending time of the injection a negative voltage to the coil in order to annul the electric current flowing through the coil; detecting the trend over time of the voltage across the coil after the annulment of the electric current flowing through the coil; identifying a perturbation of the voltage across the coil; and recognizing the closing time of the injector that coincides with the time of the perturbation of the voltage.
1. A method for determining the closing time (t 3 ) of an electromagnetic fuel injector ( 4 ), having a pin ( 23 ) movable between a closed position and an open position of an injection valve ( 15 ), and an electromagnetic actuator ( 14 ) equipped with a coil ( 16 ) and adapted to determine the displacement of the pin ( 23 ) between the closed position and the open position; the method including the steps of:
applying at a starting time (t 1 ) of the injection a positive voltage (v) to the coil ( 16 ) of the electromagnetic actuator ( 14 ) in order to circulate through the coil ( 16 ) an electric current (i) which causes the opening of the injection valve ( 15 );
applying at an ending time (t 2 ) of the injection a negative voltage (v) to the coil ( 16 ) of the electromagnetic actuator ( 14 ) in order to annul the electric current (i) flowing through the coil ( 16 );
detecting the trend over time of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) of the electromagnetic actuator ( 14 ) when the voltage (v) is negative, after the annulment of the electric current (i) flowing through the coil ( 16 ) and until the annulment of the voltage (v);
identifying a perturbation (P) of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) after the annulment of the electric current (i) flowing through the coil ( 16 ) by calculating the first derivative in time of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) after the annulment of the electric current (i) flowing through the coil ( 16 ); and
recognizing the closing time (t 3 ) of the injector ( 4 ) that coincides with the time (t 3 ) of the perturbation (P) of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) after the annulment of the electric current (i) flowing through the coil ( 16 );
where the steps of identifying the perturbation (P) of the voltage (v) across the coil 16 ) further includes the steps of:
calculating an absolute value of the first derivative in time of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 );
calculating an integral over time of the absolute value of the first derivative in time of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ); and
identifying the perturbation (P) when the absolute value of the integral over time of the first derivative in time of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) exceeds a second threshold value (S 2 ).
2. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein at the ending time (t 2 ) of the injection the pin ( 23 ) has not yet reached a position of complete opening of the injection valve ( 15 ) and therefore the fuel injection occurs in the “ballistic zone”.
3. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the perturbation (P) of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) consists of a high frequency oscillation of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ).
4. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the perturbation (P) of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) consists of an oscillation of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) having a frequency of about 70 kHz.
5. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the step of identifying the perturbation (P) of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) further includes the step of filtering the first derivative in time of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) by using a band-pass filter consisting of a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter.
6. The method as set forth in claim 5 , wherein the band-pass filter has a bandwidth between 60 and 110 kHz.
7. The method as set forth in claim 1 . wherein the step of identifying the perturbation (P) of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) further includes the step of applying preventively a moving average to the absolute value of the first derivative in time of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) before identifying the perturbation (P).
8. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the step of identifying the perturbation (P) of voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) further includes the step of normalizing the absolute value of the first derivative in time of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) before identifying the perturbation (P) such that after normalization the absolute value of first derivative in time of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) varies over a predefined standard interval.
9. The method as set forth in claim 1 further including the step of applying at the time (t 3 ) of the perturbation (P) a predefined advance time to compensate the phase delay introduced by all filtering processes applied to the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) for the purpose of identifying the perturbation (P) of voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ).
10. A method for determining the closing time (t 3 ) of an electromagnetic fuel injector ( 4 ), having a pin ( 23 ) movable between a closed position and an open position of an injection valve ( 15 ), and an electromagnetic actuator ( 14 ) equipped with a coil ( 16 ) and adapted to determine the displacement of the pin ( 23 ) between the dosed position and the open position; the method including the steps of:
applying, at a starting time (t 1 ) of the injection a positive voltage (v) to the coil ( 16 ) of the electromagnetic actuator ( 14 ) in order to circulate through the coil ( 16 ) an electric current (i) which causes the opening of the injection valve ( 15 );
applying, at an ending time (t 2 ) of the injection a negative voltage (v) to the coil ( 16 ) of the electromagnetic actuator ( 14 ) in order to annul the electric current (i) flowing through the coil ( 16 );
detecting the trend over time of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) of the electromagnetic actuator ( 14 ) when the voltage (v) is negative, after the annulment of the electric current (i) flowing through the coil ( 16 ) and until the annulment of the voltage (v);
identifying a perturbation (P) of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) after the annulment of the electric current (i) flowing through the coil ( 16 );
recognizing the closing time (t 3 ) of the injector ( 4 ) that coincides with the time (t 3 ) of the perturbation (P) of the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) after the annulment of the electric current (i) flowing through the coil ( 16 );
applying filtering processes to the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ); and
applying at the time (t 3 ) of the perturbation (P) a predefined advance time to compensate the phase delay introduced by all filtering processes applied to the voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ) for the purpose of identifying the perturbation (P) of voltage (v) across the coil ( 16 ).