Spark gap isolated, RF safe, primary explosive detonator for downhole applications
An radio frequency (RF) safe, high standoff voltage, ESD protected primary explosive detonator is described. The primary explosive detonator includes an isolated spark gap (SG) circuit and one or more shunt capacitors to insulate the electric match from ignition when exposure to high stray voltage or RF occurs in oilfield applications.
1. A primary explosive detonator circuit, comprising:
a first spark gap circuit coupled to a first lead of the detonator circuit configured to provide stray voltage standoff for the primary explosive detonator;
an electric match coupled to the first spark gap circuit having a first lead, a second lead, a first resistor arranged in series with the first lead of the electric match, and a second resistor arranged in series with the second lead of the electric match;
a detonation explosive positioned adjacent the electrical match opposite first spark gap circuit, wherein the electric match ignites to trigger the detonation explosive; and
at least one first shunt capacitor in parallel with the electric match, the at least one shunt capacitor coupled to a second lead of the detonator circuit and to the first spark gap circuit, wherein the combination of the first spark gap circuit and the at least one first shunt capacitor provides protection from radio frequency (RE) exposure of the primary explosive detonator circuit.
2. The primary explosive detonator circuit of claim 1 ,
wherein the first and second resistor are between 25 and 30 Ohms.
3. The primary explosive detonator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the electric match is a one (1) Ohm resistor fuse.
4. The primary explosive detonator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first spark gap circuit comprises a gas in between two electrode leads, wherein the gas is at least one selected from a group consisting of neon, argon, helium, nitrogen, and air.
5. The primary explosive detonator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the detonation explosive comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of Lead Styphate, Lead Azide, RDX, HMX, and HNS.
6. The primary explosive detonator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first shunt capacitor is arranged in series with the first spark gap circuit and comprises a value of 500 Pico farads (pF).
7. The primary explosive detonator circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one ferrite bead on each lead of the electric match, wherein the at least one ferrite bead adds inductance to the primary explosive detonator circuit and is configured to provide additional RF protection.
8. The primary explosive detonator circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second spark gap circuit coupled to the second lead of the detonator circuit; and
at least one second shunt capacitor coupled in parallel with the first shunt capacitor, wherein the combination of the second spark gap circuit and the at least one second shunt capacitor provides redundant protection from RF explosive of the primary explosive detonator circuit.
9. The primary explosive detonator circuit of claim 8 , wherein the first and second spark gap circuits are in the range of 175Vdc-350Vdc spark gap circuits.
10. The primary explosive detonator circuit of claim 8 , wherein the first spark gap circuit is arranged on the first lead of the detonator circuit, and the second spark gap circuit is arranged on the second lead of the detonator circuit.
11. The primary explosive detonator circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a test resistor arranged in parallel with the first spark gap circuit, wherein the test resistor allows a user to test the electric match using a safety meter.
12. The primary explosive detonator circuit of claim 11 , wherein the test resistor is 100K Ohms.
13. The primary explosive detonator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the primary explosive detonator circuit is used in downhole applications involving perforation of a downhole pipe.
14. The primary explosive detonator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the primary explosive detonator circuit is implemented in a firing head of a perforating device.