Process for cracking heavy hydrocarbon feed
A process for cracking a heavy hydrocarbon feed comprising a vaporization step, a coking step, a hydroprocessing step, and a steam cracking step is disclosed.
1. A process for cracking a heavy hydrocarbon feed in a steam cracker having a convection section and a radiant section, the process comprising:
(a) passing the heavy hydrocarbon feed to a first zone of a vaporization unit and separating the feed into a first vapor stream and a first liquid stream in the first zone;
(b) passing the first liquid stream to a second zone of the vaporization unit and contacting the first liquid stream with counter-current steam in the second zone of the vaporization unit so that the first liquid stream intimately mixes with the steam to produce a second vapor stream and a second liquid stream;
(c) steam-cracking the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream in the radiant section of the steam cracker to produce a cracked effluent;
(d) distilling the second liquid stream in a fractionator to obtain an overhead stream, a first side draw, a second side draw and a bottoms stream;
(e) hydroprocessing the first side draw and second side draw to produce a hydroprocessed effluent;
(f) separating the hydroprocessed effluent into a gas product and a liquid product;
(g) passing the liquid product to the vaporization unit;
(h) thermally cracking the bottoms stream from the fractionator in a coking drum to produce a coker effluent and coke; and
(i) passing the coker effluent to the fractionator.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the heavy hydrocarbon feed comprises at least 1 wt % hydrocarbons with boiling points of at least 565° C.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the heavy hydrocarbon feed comprises at least 10 wt % hydrocarbons with boiling points of at least 565° C.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the heavy hydrocarbon feed is heated to 177 to 204° C. in the convection section of the steam cracker before it enters the first zone of the vaporization unit.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the first zone of the vaporization unit is at a temperature of from 177 to 204° C. and a pressure of 15 to 100 psig.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the counter-current steam is at a temperature of from 482 to 704° C. and a pressure of 15 to 100 psig.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the second zone of the vaporization unit is at a temperature of from 260 to 482° C. and a pressure of 15 to 100 psig.
8. The process of claim 1 , further comprising passing the coker effluent to the fractionator.
9. The process of claim 1 , further comprising passing the gas product to a recovery section of an olefin plant.
10. The process of claim 1 , further comprising separating a pyrolysis fuel oil from the cracked effluent and passing the pyrolysis fuel oil to step (h).
11. The process of claim 1 wherein the first side draw has a boiling range of from about 38 to about 343 20 C. and the second side draw having a boiling range of from about 343 to about 565° C.
12. The process of claim 11 wherein the first side draw is hydroprocessed at a temperature of from about 260 to about 371° C., a pressure of about 100 to about 500 psig, and a liquid hourly space velocity of from 1 to 5 h −1 ; and the second side draw is hydroprocessed at a temperature of about 260 to about 385° C., a pressure of about 400 to about 2500 psig, and a liquid hourly space velocity of from 0.5 to 5 h −1 .