Monitoring shipment of biological products to determine remaining refrigerant quantity
Disclosed is a process of determining, at a point during shipment, whether the solid phase refrigerant in a shipment is sufficient to preserve the shipment cargo, which is blood or other biological products, for the remaining shipment period, by: monitoring the temperatures encountered to said point and estimating the temperatures likely to be encountered during the remaining shipment period; determining the likelihood that the remaining refrigerant can maintain the shipment cargo within a specified temperature range during the remaining shipment period; and if the risk that the remaining refrigerant cannot maintain the shipment cargo within said range during the remaining shipment period is above a cut-off level, then taking action to preserve the value of the cargo.
1. A process of determining, at a point during shipment, whether the solid phase-change material refrigerant 1-dodecanol in a shipment, which changes from solid phase to liquid phase during shipment but not to gas phase, is sufficient to preserve the shipment cargo, which is blood or other biological products, for the remaining shipment period to the intended recipient, comprising:
shipping blood or other biological products with the solid phase-change material and an on board monitor which monitors and records the temperature throughout the shipment period;
determining the temperatures encountered to said point by the shipment using the on board monitor;
calculating the amount of the solid phase of the 1-dodecanol remaining at said point based on the temperatures encountered;
segmenting the remaining shipment period into a plurality of segments and determining the expected ambient temperature range during all said segments;
calculating a value representing the likelihood that the remaining 1-dodecanol can maintain the shipment cargo within a specified temperature range during the remaining shipment period, based on the expected ambient temperature range during all said segments; and
if the likelihood that the remaining 1-dodecanol can maintain the shipment cargo within said specified temperature range during the remaining shipment period is below a cut-off level, then taking action to preserve the value of the cargo, which is one of: adding refrigerant to the shipment, moving the shipment to a faster transportation mode, moving the shipment to a temperature-controlled environment, or diverting the shipment to a different recipient.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the action is adding refrigerant to the shipment, moving the shipment to a faster transportation mode, moving the shipment to a temperature-controlled environment, or diverting the shipment to a different recipient.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the temperature-controlled environment is a refrigeration unit or a refrigerated cargo hold in a train, airplane or truck.
4. The process of claim 1 further including establishing a database for a plurality of temperature-control systems, each system including containers for the solid phase refrigerant, wherein the database can be used to determine the length of time each member system can maintain products housed in the containers with the refrigerant within a specified range of temperatures when the shipment is exposed to specified ranges of ambient temperatures for specified time periods, and wherein the specified ranges and time periods represent, respectively, the predicted ambient temperature ranges and times of exposure thereto for the shipment during the shipment period.
5. The process of claim 1 further including testing the blood or biological products using a biological assay, which may be one or more of: an antibody-mediated assay; a nucleic acid assay; a cell-based assay; or a blood-typing or tissue-typing assay wherein, in the course of the assay, there is one or more of: nucleic acid hybridization, nucleic acid chain elongation, antibody-protein binding, or protein-protein binding.
6. The process of claim 4 wherein the database is established on a computer.
7. The process of claim 4 wherein the database is established by deriving, from the characteristics of the containers and the refrigerants, the length of time each temperature-control system can maintain products housed in the containers with the specified refrigerants within a specified range of temperatures when the temperature-control system is exposed to specified ranges of ambient temperatures for specified time periods.
8. The process of claim 1 further including a GPS system to allow location of the shipment en route.
9. The process of claim 8 wherein the location and monitoring of temperatures can be performed from a remote location through a web-based system allowing computer access.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein the estimating of the temperatures likely to be encountered during the remaining shipment period is by determining the lowest ambient temperature likely to be experienced by the shipment to the highest.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein the estimating of the temperatures likely to be encountered during the remaining shipment period is based on historic ambient temperature data for the predicted shipping route.
12. The process of claim 10 wherein ambient temperature is monitored during shipment and alerts indicate excursions from the predicted ambient temperature range.
13. The process of claim 10 wherein the relative humidity, pressure and CO 2 is also monitored during shipment.
14. The process of claim 2 wherein the cost of different actions is determined.
15. A process of ensuring low cost shipment of biological products requiring temperature-control, comprising:
determining the maximum predicted period of shipment for a biological product and the predicted ambient temperature ranges during shipment;
selecting the lowest-cost system of containers and solid phase refrigerants, which change from solid phase to liquid phase during shipment but not to gas phase, likely to maintain the biological products within a specified range of temperatures during the shipment period;
shipping the products in the selected system and monitoring the temperatures encountered to a certain point during the shipment period using an on board monitor which monitors and records the temperature throughout the shipment period;
calculating the amount of the solid phase of the refrigerant remaining at said point during the shipment period based on the temperatures encountered segmenting the remaining shipment period into a plurality of segments and determining the expected ambient temperature range during all said segments;
calculating a value, at said point during shipment, representing the likelihood that the remaining un-melted solid phase refrigerant is sufficient to preserve the biological products, for the remaining shipment period, based on the expected ambient temperature range during said remaining shipment period; and
if the likelihood that the remaining refrigerant can maintain the shipment cargo within said specified temperature range during the remaining shipment period is below a cut-off level, then taking action to preserve the value of the cargo, which is one of: adding refrigerant to the shipment, moving the shipment to a faster transportation mode, moving the shipment to a temperature-controlled environment, or diverting the shipment to a different recipient.
16. The process of claim 15 further including testing the biological product using a biological assay, which may be one or more of: an antibody-mediated assay; a nucleic acid assay; a cell-based assay; or a blood-typing or tissue-typing assay wherein, in the course of the assay, there is one or more of: nucleic acid hybridization, nucleic acid chain elongation, antibody-protein binding, or protein-protein binding.
17. The process of claim 15 further including a GPS system to allow location of the shipment en route.