Markers for detection of complications resulting from in utero encounters
Described herein are biomarkers, such as protein biomarkers, which are diagnostic of and predictive for complications that result from an in utero encounter, such as an infection by the fetus, that can lead to premature birth (PTB). The biomarkers can be used to identify fetuses and newborns at risk for complications of PTB, such as (Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis) EONS, intra-ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and other poor outcomes.
1. A method of diagnosing, aiding in diagnosing or predicting risk of developing early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) in a newborn subject, comprising:
(a) determining if switching of an Hp 0-0 phenotype to an Hp 1-1, an Hp 2-2 or an Hp 1-2 phenotype has occurred in the newborn subject; and
(b) diagnosing or aiding in diagnosing the newborn subject as having EONS, or predicting that the newborn subject is at increased risk of developing EONS, if switching of an Hp 0-0 phenotype to an Hp 1-1, an Hp 2-2 or an Hp 1-2 phenotype has occurred.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is a blood sample.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the blood sample is an umbilical cord blood sample.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the umbilical cord blood sample is an umbilical cord blood serum sample.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is a decidua sample or a placental sample.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is provided within 24 hours, within 48 hours, or within 72 hours after birth of the newborn subject.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising assessing the likelihood that the newborn subject will develop intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) if the newborn subject is diagnosed with EONS.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the newborn subject is a preterm birth (PTB) newborn subject.