Steam generation processes utilizing biomass feedstocks
Integrated catalytic gasification processes are provided involving generating steam for converting carbonaceous materials to combustible gases, such as methane. Generally, steam generated from the combustion of a biomass is provided to a catalytic gasifier, wherein under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions, a carbonaceous feedstock is converted into a plurality of product gases, including, but not limited to, methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.
1. A process for converting a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products, the process comprising the steps of:
(A) supplying a biomass feedstock to a reactor, wherein the biomass feedstock (i) is in particulate form, or (ii) comprises an aqueous slurry;
(B) at least partially combusting the biomass feedstock in the reactor in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas and under suitable temperature and pressure to generate heat energy and an exhaust comprising carbon dioxide;
(C) utilizing the heat energy to generate steam;
(D) introducing a carbonaceous feedstock, an alkali metal gasification catalyst, and at least a portion of the steam to a gasifier;
(E) reacting the carbonaceous feedstock in the gasifier in the presence of the steam and the alkali metal gasification catalyst, at a temperature of at least 450° C. to about 900° C., and at a pressure of at least about 400 psig to about 1000 psig, to form a gas stream comprising a plurality of gaseous products comprising methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other higher hydrocarbons; and
(F) at least partially separating the plurality of gaseous products to produce a product stream comprising a predominant amount of one of the gaseous products,
wherein the exhaust produced from the at least partial combustion of the biomass feedstock is provided to the gasifier and the gas stream comprises carbon dioxide generated from the at least partial combustion of the biomass feedstock and the catalytic gasification of the carbonaceous feedstock.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream comprises carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a second gasifier or an oxygen combustor.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the reactor is a second gasifier, and the exhaust comprises synthesis gas.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal gasification catalyst comprises a source of at least one alkali metal and is present in an amount sufficient to provide, in the carbonaceous feedstock, a ratio of alkali metal atoms to carbon atoms ranging from 0.01 to about 0.08.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the steam is generated within the reactor.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the heat energy is transferred to a heat exchanger in contact with a water source to produce the steam.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the biomass feedstock is in a particulate form.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the biomass feedstock comprises an aqueous slurry.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the product stream comprises a predominant amount of methane.
11. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
(C1) dividing the steam from step (C) into at least a first steam stream and a second steam stream; and
(D1) introducing the second steam stream to a steam turbine to generate electricity; wherein the first steam stream is introduced into the gasifier in step (D).
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the gas stream comprises carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
13. The process of claim 11 , wherein the reactor is a second gasifier or an oxygen combustor.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the reactor is a second gasifier, and the exhaust comprises synthesis gas.
15. The process of claim 11 , wherein the alkali metal gasification catalyst comprises a source of at least one alkali metal and is present in an amount sufficient to provide, in the carbonaceous feedstock, a ratio of alkali metal atoms to carbon atoms ranging from 0.01 to about 0.08.
16. The process of claim 11 , wherein the steam is generated within the reactor.
17. The process of claim 11 , wherein the heat energy is transferred to a heat exchanger in contact with a water source to produce the steam.
18. The process of claim 11 , wherein the biomass feedstock is in a particulate form.
19. The process of claim 11 , wherein the biomass feedstock comprises an aqueous slurry.
20. The process of claim 11 , wherein the product stream comprises a predominant amount of methane.