Method for upscaling a reservoir model using deep reading measurements

1. A method of upscaling for reservoir simulation, comprising:

collecting a plurality of deep reading measurements of a reservoir, wherein the plurality of deep reading measurements comprises gravity and pressure measurements;

generating a set of deep reading measurements by integrally combining the plurality of deep reading measurements;

constraining the set of deep reading measurements using upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data to generate a constrained set of deep reading measurements;

inverting, using a computer processor, the constrained set of deep reading measurements to generate an inverted set of deep reading measurements; and

in response to the inverting step, upscaling, using the inverted set of deep reading measurements, for reservoir simulation.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein inverting the set of deep reading measurements is further constrained by an initial model, generation of the initial model including a geostatistics step.

3. A non-transitory program storage device readable by a machine tangibly embodying a set of instructions executable by the machine to perform method steps of upscaling for reservoir simulation, the method steps comprising:

collecting a plurality of deep reading measurements of a reservoir, wherein the plurality of deep reading measurements comprises gravity and pressure measurements;

generating a set of deep reading measurements by integrally combining the plurality of deep reading measurements;

constraining the set of deep reading measurements using upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data to generate a constrained set of deep reading measurements;

inverting the constrained set of deep reading measurements to generate an inverted set of deep reading measurements; and

in response to the inverting step, upscaling, using the inverted set of deep reading measurements, for reservoir simulation.

4. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 3 , wherein inverting the set of deep reading measurements is further constrained by an initial model, generation of the initial model including a geostatistics step.

5. A system adapted for upscaling for reservoir simulation, comprising:

a processor and a memory;

first apparatus adapted for collecting a plurality of deep reading measurements of a reservoir, wherein the plurality of deep reading measurements comprises gravity and pressure measurements;

second apparatus adapted for generating a set of deep reading measurements by integrally combining the plurality of deep reading measurements;

third apparatus adapted for constraining the set of deep reading measurements using upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data to generate a constrained set of deep reading measurements;

fourth apparatus adapted for inverting the constrained set of deep reading measurements to generate an inverted set of deep reading measurements; and

in response to the fourth apparatus, fifth apparatus adapted for upscaling, using the inverted set of deep reading measurements, for reservoir simulation.

6. The system of claim 5 , wherein inverting the set of deep reading measurements is further constrained by an initial model, generation of the initial model including a geostatistics step.

7. A method for upscaling a reservoir model, comprising:

collecting a plurality of deep reading measurements of a reservoir, wherein the plurality of deep reading measurements comprises gravity and pressure measurements;

integrating together the plurality of deep reading measurements thereby generating a set of deep reading measurements, the set of deep reading measurements being sufficiently deep to be able to probe the reservoir;

generating a set of upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data;

constraining the set of the deep reading measurements using the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data;

inverting, using a computer processor, the set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data thereby generating an inverted set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data; and

upscaling, using the inverted set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of two or more of the following measurements: long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); cross-well (EM and seismic); surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); surface gravity; surface to borehole (EM and seismic); offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and borehole radar and sonar.

9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of three of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of four of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of five of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of six of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of seven of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

14. The method of claim 7 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of eight of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

15. The method of claim 7 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of nine of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

16. The method of claim 7 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of all ten of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

17. A non-transitory program storage device readable by a machine tangibly embodying a set of instructions executable by the machine to perform method steps for upscaling a reservoir model, the method steps comprising:

collecting a plurality of deep reading measurements of a reservoir, wherein the plurality of deep reading measurements comprises gravity and pressure measurements;

integrating together the plurality of deep reading measurements thereby generating a set of deep reading measurements, the set of deep reading measurements being sufficiently deep to be able to probe the reservoir;

generating a set of upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data;

constraining the set of the deep reading measurements using the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data;

inverting, using a computer processor disposed on the machine, the set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data thereby generating an inverted set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data; and

upscaling, using the inverted set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data.

18. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 17 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of two or more of the following measurements: long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); cross-well (EM and seismic); surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi channel transient EM (MTEM); surface gravity; surface to borehole (EM and seismic); offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and borehole radar and sonar.

19. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 17 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of three of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

20. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 17 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of four of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

21. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 17 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of five of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

22. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 17 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of six of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

23. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 17 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of seven of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

24. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 17 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of eight of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

25. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 17 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of nine of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

26. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 17 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of all ten of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

27. A method for upscaling a reservoir model, comprising:

collecting a plurality of deep reading measurements of a reservoir, wherein the plurality of deep reading measurements comprises gravity and pressure measurements;

integrating together the plurality of deep reading measurements thereby generating a set of deep reading measurements, the set of deep reading measurements being sufficiently deep to be able to probe the reservoir;

generating a set of upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data;

generating an initial model which includes a geostatistics step;

constraining the set of the deep reading measurements using the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data and the initial model;

inverting, using a computer processor, the set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data and the initial model thereby generating an inverted set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data and the initial model; and

upscaling, using the inverted set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data and the initial model.

28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of two or more of the following measurements: long-offset single-well measurements (EM, sonic/seismic, gravity); cross-well (electromagnetic (EM) and seismic); surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); surface gravity; surface to borehole (EM and seismic); offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and borehole radar and sonar.

29. The method of claim 27 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of three of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

30. The method of claim 27 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of four of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

31. The method of claim 27 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of five of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

32. The method of claim 27 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of six of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

33. The method of claim 27 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of seven of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

34. The method of claim 27 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of eight of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

35. The method of claim 27 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of nine of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

36. The method of claim 27 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of all ten of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

37. A non-transitory program storage device readable by a machine tangibly embodying a set of instructions executable by the machine to perform method steps for upscaling a reservoir model, the method steps comprising:

collecting a plurality of deep reading measurements of a reservoir, wherein the plurality of deep reading measurements comprises gravity and pressure measurements;

integrating together the plurality of deep reading measurements thereby generating a set of deep reading measurements, the set of deep reading measurements being sufficiently deep to be able to probe the reservoir;

generating a set of upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data;

generating an initial model which includes a geostatistics step;

constraining the set of the deep reading measurements using the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data and the initial model;

inverting the set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data and the initial model thereby generating an inverted set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data and the initial model; and

upscaling, upscaling the inverted set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data and the initial model.

38. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 37 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of two or more of the following measurements: long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); cross-well (EM and seismic); surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); surface gravity; surface to borehole (EM and seismic); offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and borehole radar and sonar.

39. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 37 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of three of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

40. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 37 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of four of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

41. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 37 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of five of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

42. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 37 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of six of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

43. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 37 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of seven of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

44. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 37 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of eight of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

45. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 37 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of nine of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

46. The non-transitory program storage device of claim 37 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements includes a combination of all ten of the following measurements: (1) long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); (2) cross-well (EM and seismic); (3) surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); (4) surface gravity; (5) surface to borehole (EM and seismic); (6) offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); (7) transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; (8) electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; (9) permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and (10) borehole radar and sonar.

47. A system adapted for upscaling a reservoir model, comprising:

a processor and a memory;

first apparatus adapted for collecting a plurality of deep reading measurements of a reservoir, wherein the plurality of deep reading measurements comprises gravity and pressure measurements;

second apparatus adapted for integrating together the plurality of deep reading measurements thereby generating a set of deep reading measurements, the set of deep reading measurements being sufficiently deep to be able to probe the reservoir;

third apparatus adapted for generating a set of upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data;

fourth apparatus responsive to the set of deep reading measurements from the second apparatus and to the set of upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data from the third apparatus for generating a set of the deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data;

fifth apparatus adapted for inverting the set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data thereby generating an inverted set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data; and

sixth apparatus adapted for upscaling the inverted set of deep reading measurements constrained by the upscaled multi-well near-wellbore data.

48. The system of claim 47 , wherein the set of deep reading measurements comprises a combination of two or more of the following measurements: long-offset single-well measurements (electromagnetic (EM), sonic/seismic, gravity); cross-well (EM and seismic); surface EM: Magnetotellurics (MT), Controlled-source EM (CSEM), Spontaneous Potential (SP), Multi-channel transient EM (MTEM); surface gravity; surface to borehole (EM and seismic); offset-walkaway-walkaround vertical seismic profiling (VSP); transient pressure and multi-well interference testing; electrokinetics: electro-seismic and seismo-electric; permanent monitoring (EM, pressure, seismic); and borehole radar and sonar.