Implantable medical device with internal piezoelectric energy harvesting
Methods, systems, and apparatus for powering and/or recharging medical devices implanted within the body are described. An illustrative power generation module disposable within the interior space of an implantable medical device includes a module body that defines an interior cavity as well as a flexible diaphragm that spans the interior cavity. The flexible diaphragm includes a first electrical conductor, a piezoelectric layer disposed adjacent to the first electrical conductor, and a second electrical conductor disposed adjacent to the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer is configured to displace within the interior cavity and generate a voltage differential between the first electrical conductor and the second electrical conductor.
1. A power generation module disposed within a first interior cavity of an implantable medical device, the implantable medical device comprising a housing defining the first interior cavity, wherein a portion of the housing includes a first flexible diaphragm configured to displace into the first interior cavity in response to blood pressure pulses impinging on the first diaphragm, the power generation module comprising:
a module body, disposed within the first interior cavity, wherein the module body encloses a second interior cavity; and
a second flexible diaphragm spanning the second interior cavity, the second flexible diaphragm including:
a first electrical conductor;
a piezoelectric layer disposed adjacent to the first conductor; and
a second electrical conductor disposed adjacent to the piezoelectric layer;
wherein the piezoelectric layer is configured to displace into the second interior cavity and generate a voltage differential between the first electrical conductor and the second electrical conductor in response to a change in pressure within the first interior cavity, wherein the change in pressure within the first interior cavity is caused by the blood pressure pulses impinging on the first diaphragm, wherein the first interior cavity is filled with air.
2. The power generation module of claim 1 , further comprising a power conversion circuit that converts the voltage differential between the first and second electrical conductors into an operating current that can be used to power one or more components within the implantable medical device.
3. The power generation module of claim 1 , wherein the second flexible diaphragm further comprises:
an insulating layer disposed adjacent to the second electrical conductor;
a third electrical conductor disposed adjacent to the insulating layer;
a second piezoelectric layer disposed adjacent to the third electrical conductor; and
a fourth electrical conductor disposed adjacent to the second piezoelectric layer.
4. The power generation module of claim 3 , wherein the second flexible diaphragm has a neutral bending plane, and the insulating layer is positioned along the neutral bending plane.
5. The power generation module of claim 1 , wherein the second interior cavity is at reduced pressure relative to a pressure exterior to the second interior cavity.
6. The power generation module of claim 1 , further comprising a lower electrical conductor coupled to a lower surface of the second interior cavity.
7. The power generation module of claim 6 , further comprising a controller configured to selectively electrically disconnect the lower electrical conductor and the first electrical conductor.
8. The power generation module of claim 7 , wherein when the lower electrical conductor is electrically disconnected, movement of the second flexible diaphragm creates a voltage differential between the first electrical conductor and the second electrical conductor.
9. The power generation module of claim 7 , wherein when the lower electrical conductor is electrically connected, movement of the second flexible diaphragm creates a voltage differential between the lower electrical conductor and the first electrical conductor.
10. An implantable sensor for sensing one or more physiologic parameters, comprising:
a sensor module configured to sense one or more physiologic parameters;
a rechargeable power storage device;
the power generation module of claim 1 , the power generation module electrically connected to the rechargeable power storage device; and
a power conversion circuit that converts the voltage differential between the first and second electrical conductors into an operating current for recharging the rechargeable power storage device.