Methods for the production of silver nanowires
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to novel methods for the solution-based production of silver nanowires by adaptation of the polyol process. Some embodiments of the present invention can be practiced at lower temperature and/or at higher concentration than previously described methods. In some embodiments reactants are added in solid form rather than in solution. In some embodiments, an acid compound is added to the reaction.
1. A method for the production of silver nanowires comprising reacting:
i) at least one polyol;
ii) at least one silver solution comprising at least one silver compound capable of producing silver metal when reduced; and
iii) at least one organic protective agent (OPA);
as reactants in a reaction at a reaction temperature and under conditions that produce silver nanowires wherein the molar concentration of the silver compound in the silver solution is in the range of about 0.3 molar to about 3.0 molar, wherein the nanowires have an aspect ratio (length/diameter) of at least 10.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyol is ethylene glycol, glycerol, glucose, diethylene glycol, tri-ethylene glycol, a propylene glycol, a butanediol, a dipropylene glycol or a polyethylene glycol.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silver compound is silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver oxide, silver fluoride, silver hydrogen fluoride, silver carbonate, silver oxalate, silver azide, silver tetrafluoroborate, silver acetate, silver propionate, silver butanoate, silver ethylbutanoate or silver pivalate.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic protective agent (OPA) is poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), laurylamine or hydroxypropyl cellulose.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product solution comprises at least 20 weight percent (20 wgt %) silver nanowires.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silver nanowires have an aspect ratio of at least 200.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic protective agent (OPA) is added to the reaction in solid form.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silver compound is reacted as a silver solution comprising the silver compound in a first portion of the polyol and the organic protective agent is reacted as an OPA solution comprising the organic protective agent in a second portion of the polyol.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the silver solution and the OPA solution are mixed for reaction with a third portion of the polyol in a reaction vessel.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reacting at least one acid compound.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction produces bulk silver nanowire product having a length weighted average of at least 10 μm.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction produces bulk silver nanowire product having an aspect ratio weighted average that is at least 125.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silver nanowires have an aspect ratio of at least 500.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silver nanowires have an aspect ratio of at least 750.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said product solution comprises nanowires with a weighted average length of 25-30 μm.
16. A method for the production of silver nanowires comprising:
i) mixing as reactants for a reaction: a) at least one silver solution comprising at least one silver compound capable of producing silver metal when reduced; b) at least one polyol; and c) at least one organic protective agent to produce a mixture; and
ii) reacting said mixture at a reaction temperature and under conditions that produce a product solution comprising silver nanowires;
wherein, the molar concentration of the silver compound in the silver solution is in the range of about 0.3 molar to about 3.0 molar, and the nanowires have an aspect ratio (length/diameter) of at least 10.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the polyol is ethylene glycol, glycerol, glucose, diethylene glycol, tri-ethylene glycol, a propylene glycol, a butanediol, a dipropylene glycol or a polyethylene glycol.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the silver compound is silver nitrate, silver nitrite, silver oxide, silver fluoride, silver hydrogen fluoride, silver carbonate, silver oxalate, silver azide, silver tetrafluoroborate, silver acetate, silver propionate, silver butanoate, silver ethylbutanoate or silver pivalate.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the organic protective agent (OPA) is poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), laurylamine or hydroxypropyl cellulose.