Wavelength selective switch
An optical switching device has multiple input ports and multiple output ports and is capable of switching a wavelength component from any of the input ports to any of the output ports. The optical switching device is configured with beam steering arrays that are controlled to provide the switching from any of the input ports to any of the output ports. The beam steering arrays may be microelectromechanical (MEMS) mirror arrays or liquid-crystal on silicon (LCOS) panels. In addition, an array of beam-polarizing liquid-crystal elements provides wavelength-independent attenuation.
1. An optical device having multiple input and output ports, comprising:
a light diffracting element positioned in an optical path of optical signals comprising a first optical signal transmitted through a first input port and a second optical signal transmitted through a second input port, the light diffracting element separating the optical signals into wavelength components; and
first and second arrays of independently controlled reflective beam steering elements, each beam steering element of the first array being independently controlled to direct one of the wavelength components to a selected one of the beam steering elements of the second array, each beam steering element of the second array being independently controlled to direct the wavelength component incident thereon to a selected one of the output ports, a wavelength component of the first optical signal and a wavelength component of the second optical signal are combinable to produce an output optical signal at a selected one of the output ports,
wherein at least one of the beam steering elements in at least one of the first and second arrays being configured to attenuate at least one wavelength component by directing the at least one wavelength component with a beam-steering angle that is offset from an optimal beam-steering angle.
2. The optical device of claim 1 , further comprising: a light combining element positioned between the second array of independently controlled beam steering elements and the output ports to combine the wavelength components directed by the beam steering elements of the second array to produce a plurality of output optical signals, each of which is transmitted through one of the output ports.
3. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the wavelength components of one of the optical signals transmitted through the input ports include a first wavelength component and a second wavelength component, and the first wavelength component and the second wavelength component are transmitted through different output ports.
4. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the beam steering elements comprise microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors.
5. The optical device of claim 4 , wherein the MEMS mirrors are formed on a common substrate.
6. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the beam steering elements comprise a liquid-crystal on silicon (LCOS) phased array.
7. The optical device of claim 1 , further comprising an array of liquid-crystal based polarization rotation elements disposed in an optical path of wavelength components directed by beam steering elements of the first or second arrays and configured to condition polarization of the wavelength components.
8. The optical device of claim 1 , further comprising at least one light dump disposed adjacent to the output ports.
9. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein wavelength components are directed with “hitless” operation.
10. An optical device having multiple input and output ports, comprising:
a light diffracting element positioned in an optical path of optical signals comprising a first optical signal transmitted through a first input port and a second optical signal transmitted through a second input port, the light diffracting element separating the optical signals into wavelength components;
a polarization walk-off array positioned in the optical path of the wavelength components, the polarization walk-off array converting the optical signals having arbitrary polarization into parallel light beams having a single linear polarization orientation;
first and second arrays of independently controlled reflective beam steering elements, positioned in the optical path of the wavelength components after the polarization walk-off array, wherein each beam steering element of the first array is independently controlled to direct one of the wavelength components to a light combining element that combines the wavelength components from the first array of independently controlled beam steering elements into a plurality of output signals, and each beam steering element of the second array is independently controlled to direct one of the plurality of output signals to a selected one of the output ports, a wavelength component of the first optical signal and a wavelength component of the second optical signal are combinable to produce an output optical signal at a selected one of the output ports; and
a polarization combining array disposed in the optical path of wavelength components directed by beam steering elements of the first and second array and configured to provide a controllable amount of polarization rotation to at least some wavelength components to provide a desired amount of signal attenuation in a corresponding wavelength component.
11. The optical device of claim 10 , wherein the wavelength components of one of the optical signals transmitted through the input ports include a first wavelength component and a second wavelength component, and the first wavelength component and the second wavelength component are transmitted through different output ports.
12. The optical device of claim 10 , wherein the beam steering elements are formed on a common substrate.
13. The optical device of claim 10 , wherein the beam steering elements comprise a liquid-crystal on silicon (LCOS) phased array.
14. The optical device of claim 10 , wherein attenuated signals are directed to a light dump.
15. The optical device of claim 10 , further comprising a polarization convertor positioned in the optical path of the wavelength components before the polarization walk-off array, the polarization converter converting a polarization of at least one wavelength component to s-polarized.
16. The optical device of claim 10 , wherein wavelength components are directed with “hitless” operation.
17. An optical device having multiple input and output ports, comprising:
a light diffracting element positioned in an optical path of optical signals comprising a first optical signal transmitted through a first input port and a second optical signal transmitted through a second input port, the light diffracting element separating the optical signals into wavelength components;
a polarization walk-off array comprising a birefringent walk-off plate and a reciprocal optical rotator positioned in the optical path of the wavelength components, the polarization walk-off array converting the optical signals having arbitrary polarization into parallel light beams having a single linear polarization orientation;
first and second arrays of independently controlled liquid crystal beam steering elements positioned in the optical path of the wavelength components after the polarization walk-off array, each beam steering element of the first array being independently controlled to direct one of the wavelength components to a selected one of the beam steering elements of the second array, each beam steering element of the second array being independently controlled to direct the wavelength component incident thereon to a light combining side of the light diffracting element, a wavelength component of the first optical signal and a wavelength component of the second optical signal are combinable to produce an output optical signal at a selected one of the output ports; and
a liquid crystal polarization combining array disposed in the optical path of wavelength components directed by beam steering elements of the first and second array and configured to provide a controllable amount of polarization rotation to at least some wavelength components to provide a desired amount of signal attenuation.
18. The optical device of claim 17 , wherein the first and second arrays are angled with respect to each other.
19. The optical device of claim 17 , wherein the first and second arrays are aligned and further comprising a reflecting element.
20. The optical device of claim 17 , wherein the beam steering elements are formed on a common substrate.
21. The optical device of claim 17 , further comprising a polarization convertor positioned in the optical path of the wavelength components before the polarization walk-off array, the polarization converter converting a polarization of at least one wavelength component to s-polarized.
22. The optical device of claim 17 wherein wavelength components are directed with “hitless” operation.