Method of manufacturing a light input coupler and lightguide
In embodiments of this invention, light emitting devices comprise film-based lightguides comprising at least one light input coupler and an array of coupling lightguides that are folded or bent and disposed substantially above one another. The edges of the coupling lightguides may form part of a light input surface. The light emitting device may comprise more than one light input coupler and the film may be less than 500 microns in thickness. In embodiments of this invention, methods of manufacturing lightguides and light input couplers comprise steps that translate linear fold regions of the coupling lightguides relative to each other such that the coupling lightguides are bent or folded above each other. In other embodiments of this invention, an electroluminescent sign, light fixture, frontlight for a reflective display, or a backlight for a transmissive display comprises a lightguide and light input coupler comprising coupling lightguides.
1. A method of manufacturing a lightguide and light input coupler comprising a light transmitting film with a lightguide region continuously coupled to each coupling lightguide in an array of coupling lightguides, the array of coupling lightguides comprising a first linear fold region and a second linear fold region, said method comprising the steps of:
a. increasing a distance between the first linear fold region and the second linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides coupled to the lightguide region in a direction perpendicular to a light transmitting film surface at the first linear fold region;
b. decreasing the distance between the first linear fold region and the second linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first linear fold region and parallel to the light transmitting film surface at the first linear fold region;
c. increasing the distance between the first linear fold region and the second linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides in a direction substantially parallel to the first linear fold region and parallel to the light transmitting film surface at the first linear fold region; and
d. decreasing the distance between the first linear fold region and the second linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides in a direction perpendicular to the light transmitting film surface at the first linear fold region such that the array of coupling lightguides are bent, disposed substantially one above another, and aligned substantially parallel to each other.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the second linear fold region is substantially parallel to the first linear fold region.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the steps are performed while substantially maintaining a first position of the array of coupling lightguides at the first linear fold region relative to each other in a direction parallel to the first linear fold region and substantially maintaining a second position of the array of coupling lightguides at the second linear fold region relative to each other in a direction parallel to the second linear fold region.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the distance between the first linear fold region and the second linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides is increased by at least a distance, D, equal to a total width, W t , of the array of the coupling lightguides in a direction substantially parallel to the first linear fold region.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the array of coupling lightguides comprises a number, N, of coupling lightguides that have substantially a same width, W s , in a direction parallel to the first linear fold region and D=N×W s .
6. The method of claim 1 wherein steps (c) and (d) occur following steps (a) and (b).
7. The method of claim 1 wherein steps (a) and (b) occur substantially simultaneously and steps (c) and (d) occur substantially simultaneously.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the array of coupling lightguides are bent with a radius of curvature at least 10 times a thickness of the array of coupling lightguides.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein a thickness of the light transmitting film is less than 500 microns.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein a width of at least one coupling lightguide of the array of coupling lightguides is less than 20 millimeters.
11. The method of claim 2 wherein the first linear fold region and the second linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides are each disposed proximal to a relative position maintaining element during steps (a), (b), (c), and (d).
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the first linear fold region and the second linear fold region are held proximal to the relative position maintaining element by at least one selected from the group of magnetic grips, mechanical grips, clamps, screws, mechanical adhesion, chemical adhesion, dispersive adhesion, diffusive adhesion, electrostatic adhesion, vacuum holding, or an adhesive.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein a first relative position maintaining element disposed proximal to the first linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides has a cross-sectional edge in a plane parallel to the light transmitting film at the first linear fold region substantially linear and parallel to the first linear fold region, and a second relative position maintaining element disposed proximal to the second linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides has a cross-sectional edge in a plane parallel to the light transmitting film at the second linear fold region substantially linear and parallel to the linear fold region.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the cross-sectional edge of the first relative position maintaining element disposed proximal to the first linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides remains substantially parallel to the cross-sectional edge of the second relative position maintaining element disposed proximal to the second linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides during steps (a), (b), (c), and (d).
15. The method of claim 11 wherein the relative position maintaining element disposed proximal to the first linear fold region has a cross-sectional edge in a plane parallel to the light transmitting film surface disposed proximal to the first linear fold region that comprises a substantially linear section in a region proximal at least one coupling lightguide of the array of coupling lightguides oriented at an angle greater than 10 degrees to the first linear fold region.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the cross-sectional edge of the relative position maintaining element is a guiding edge that guides the bend of the at least one coupling lightguide.
17. The method of claim 1 further comprising cutting through the array of coupling lightguides disposed substantially one above another to provide an array of coplanar input edges of the array of the coupling lightguides.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the array of coupling lightguides are oriented at an angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees to the first linear fold region.
19. The method of claim 1 further comprising holding the array of coupling lightguides disposed substantially one above another in a fixed relative position by at least one selected from the group of clamping the array of coupling lightguides together, restricting movement by disposing walls or a housing around one or more surfaces of the overlapping array of coupling lightguides, and adhering the array of coupling lightguides together or to one or more surfaces.
20. A method of manufacturing a lightguide and light input coupler comprising a light transmitting film with a lightguide region continuously coupled to each coupling lightguide in an array of coupling lightguides, the array of coupling lightguides comprising a first linear fold region and a second linear fold region, said method comprising the steps of:
a. forming an array of coupling lightguides physically coupled to a lightguide region in a light transmitting film;
b. increasing a distance between the first linear fold region and the second linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides in a direction perpendicular to a light transmitting film surface at the first linear fold region;
c. decreasing the distance between the first linear fold region and the second linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first linear fold region and parallel to the light transmitting film surface at the first linear fold region;
d. increasing the distance between the first linear fold region and the second linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides in a direction substantially parallel to the first linear fold region and parallel to the light transmitting film surface at the first linear fold region; and
e. decreasing the distance between the first linear fold region and the second linear fold region of the array of coupling lightguides in a direction perpendicular to the light transmitting film surface at the first linear fold region such that the array of coupling lightguides are bent and disposed substantially one above another.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein the array of coupling lightguides have substantially parallel lateral edge surfaces and upon completion of steps (a), (b), (c), and (d) are aligned substantially parallel to each other.
22. The method of claim 20 wherein the array of coupling lightguides have substantially non-parallel lateral edge surfaces.
23. A method of manufacturing a lightguide and light input coupler comprising a light transmitting film with a lightguide region optically and physically coupled to each coupling lightguide in an array of coupling lightguides, the array of coupling lightguides comprising a first fold region and a second fold region, said method comprising the steps of:
a. translating the first fold region and the second fold region away from each other in a direction substantially perpendicular to a surface of the light transmitting film at the first fold region such that the first fold region and the second fold region move toward each other in a plane parallel to the surface at the first fold region; and
b. translating the first fold region and the second fold region away from each other in a direction parallel to the first fold region such that the first fold region and the second fold region move toward each other in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface at the first fold region such that the array of coupling lightguides are bent and disposed substantially one above another.