Production of adipic acid and derivatives from carbohydrate-containing materials
The present invention generally relates to processes for the chemocatalytic conversion of a carbohydrate source to an adipic acid product. The present invention includes processes for the conversion of a carbohydrate source to an adipic acid product via a furanic substrate, such as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid or derivatives thereof. The present invention also includes processes for producing an adipic acid product comprising the catalytic hydrogenation of a furanic substrate to produce a tetrahydrofuranic substrate and the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of at least a portion of the tetrahydrofuranic substrate to an adipic acid product. The present invention also includes products produced from adipic acid product and processes for the production thereof from such adipic acid product.
1. A process for preparing an adipic acid product comprising reacting a tetrahydrofuranic substrate with hydrogen, in the presence of a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst, a solvent and a source of halogen, to convert at least a portion of the tetrahydrofuranic substrate to the adipic acid product, wherein the tetrahydrofuranic substrate comprises a compound of formula III
or salt thereof, and the adipic acid product comprises a compound of formula II
where
each X is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —OR 2 , and —H;
Y is selected from the group consisting of —C(O)OH, —C(O)OR 1 , —C(O)NR 3 R 4 , and —CH 2 N R 3 R 4 ;
Z is selected from the group consisting of —C(O)OH, —C(O)OR 1 , —C(O)NR 3 R 4 , and —CH 2 N R 3 R 4 ;
each R 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl;
each R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl;
each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, and substituted hydrocarbyl; and
each R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, and substituted hydrocarbyl.
2. The process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the source of halogen comprises hydrogen bromide or hydrogen iodide.
3. The process as set forth in claim 1 further comprising reacting a furanic substrate with hydrogen, in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and a solvent, but in the absence of an added source of halogen, to produce the tetrahydrofuranic substrate, wherein the furanic substrate comprises a compound of formula I
or a salt thereof, or an intermolecular homomer or heteromer thereof, or intermolecular or intramolecular anhydrides or stereoisomers thereof, where each X, Y, and Z are as defined for formula III.
4. The process as set forth in claim 3 wherein the solvent comprises acetic acid.
5. The process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solvent comprises a weak carboxylic acid.
6. The process as set forth in claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the tetrahydrofuranic substrate is derived from a carbohydrate source.
7. The process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the hydrodeoxygenation catalyst comprises a heterogeneous catalyst.
8. The process as set forth in claim 7 wherein the hydrodeoxygenation catalyst comprises at least one d-block metal at a surface of a support.
9. The process as set forth in claim 8 wherein the d-block metal is selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt, and combinations thereof.
10. The process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the hydrodeoxygenation catalyst comprises a first metal and a second metal, wherein the first metal is selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd and Pt and the second metal is selected from the group consisting of Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, and Au, and wherein the second metal is not the same as the first metal.
11. The process as set forth in claim 3 wherein the hydrodeoxygenation catalyst support comprises a material selected from the group consisting of carbon, silica, zirconia, and titania.
12. The process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of the source of halogen to the tetrahydrofuranic substrate is equal to or less than about 1.
13. The process as set forth in claim 3 wherein the temperature of the hydrogenation reaction mixture is from about 60° C. to about 200° C.
14. The process as set forth in claim 3 wherein the hydrodeoxygenation reaction is conducted under a partial pressure of hydrogen ranging from about 25 psia (172 kPa) to about 2500 psia (17237 kPa).
15. The process as set forth in claim 3 wherein at least a portion of the furanic substrate is derived from a carbohydrate source.
16. The process as set forth in claim 3 wherein the hydrogenation catalyst comprises a heterogeneous catalyst comprising at least one d-block metal at a surface of a support.
17. The process as set forth in claim 16 wherein the d-block metal is selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Fe and combinations thereof.
18. The process as set forth in claim 3 wherein the hydrogenation catalyst comprises a first metal and a second metal, wherein the first metal is selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt, Ni, Co and Fe, and the second metal is selected from the group consisting of Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, and Au, and wherein the second metal is not the same as the first metal.
19. The process as set forth in 17 wherein the hydrogenation catalyst support is selected from the group consisting of carbon, zirconia, zeolite and silica.
20. The process of claim 1 wherein the yield of adipic acid product is at least about 90%.