Mapping and ablation method for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia
An apparatus for mapping and/or ablating tissue includes a braided conductive member that may be inverted to provide a ring-shaped surface. When a distal tip of the braided conductive member is retracted within the braided conductive member, the lack of a protrusion allows the ring-shaped surface to contact a tissue wall such as a cardiac wall. In an alternative configuration, the braided conductive member may be configured with the distal portion forming a proboscis that can be used to stably position the braided conductive member relative to a blood vessel, such as a ventricular outflow tract. The braided conductive member has a plurality of electronically active sites that may be accessed individually for stable mapping over a broad area for stable mapping or ablation to form broad and deep lesions.
1. A method of treating an arrhythmia in a heart, comprising the acts of:
(a) introducing a substrate into a chamber of the heart;
(b) placing the substrate in contact with the heart while in a first configuration;
(c) performing at least one of mapping and pacing by transmitting electrical signals between the substrate and a control location;
(d) reconfiguring the substrate into a second configuration, different than the first configuration;
(e) forming a first annular lesion that encircles a first region by ablating a region of the heart adjacent the substrate;
(f) repositioning the substrate; and
(g) forming a second annular lesion that encircles at least a portion of the first region encircled by the first annular lesion.
2. The method of claim 1 , additionally comprising the acts of:
(h) repositioning the substrate;
(i) forming a third annular lesion at least partially overlapping the first annular lesion and the second annular lesion.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein less than half of area within the third annular lesion is common to each of the first and second annular lesions.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the act (a) comprises introducing a braided conductive member into a chamber of the heart.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the act (d) comprises reconfiguring the substrate into a second configuration, having a smaller surface area than the first configuration.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein:
the act (a) comprises introducing a braided conductive member in a chamber of the heart; and
the act (d) comprises changing a spacing between a proximal end and a distal end of the braided conductive member.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the substrate while in the first configuration contacts the heart over a first area; and
the act (e) comprises ablating a region of the heart adjacent the substrate that is smaller than the first area.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein:
the substrate comprises a braided conductive member having a plurality of electrically active sites; and
the act (e) comprises providing ablation energy to a subset of the plurality of electrically active sites.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the act (d) of reconfiguring comprises moving the center of the substrate away from the heart.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate has a proboscis extending therefrom and the act (b) comprises cannulating a blood vessel connected to the heart with the proboscis.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the arrhythmia is an idiopathic ventricular tachycardia;
the chamber of the heart is a ventricle; and
the act (e) additionally comprises passing a fluid through the substrate.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein less than half of area within the second annular lesion is common to the first annular lesion.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second annular lesions respectively encircle first and second regions of a heart wall, and wherein neither of the first and second regions of the heart wall comprises an ostium of a blood vessel.
14. A method of using a catheter comprising a substrate, comprising the acts of:
(a) introducing the substrate into a ventricle of the heart, the substrate comprising a distal end;
(b) configuring the substrate in a first configuration wherein the distal end of the substrate forms a proboscis extending from the substrate;
(c) with the substrate in the first configuration and the proboscis cannulating a blood vessel connected to the heart, ablating a first lesion on a wall of the ventricle, the first lesion at least partially encircling a first region of the wall that includes an ostium of the blood vessel;
(d) configuring the substrate in a second configuration wherein the substrate is inverted such that an annular surface of the substrate extends beyond the distal end;
(e) with the substrate in the second configuration, ablating a second lesion on the wall of the ventricle, the second lesion encircling a second region of the wall that does not include any blood vessel ostia.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first lesion fully encircles the first region.