Method of forming alkoxylated fluoroalcohols
A method of forming an alkoxylated fluoroalcohol is accomplished by providing a boron compound having or providing at least one boron-oxygen bond and an iodine source. The boron compound and iodine source are combined with reactants of a fluoroalcohol and an alkylene oxide in the presence of a base. The reactants are allowed to react to form an alkoxylated fluoroalcohol reaction product.
1. A method of forming an alkoxylated fluoroalcohol comprising combining: at least one boron compound selected from the group consisting of boric acid, boron oxide, a tetraborate salt, and an alkyl borate; iodine; a metal iodide; a base; and a fluoroalcohol together in a mixture,
whereby the fluoroalcohol reacts with the boron compound to form a borate ester in situ,
and then subsequently adding an alkylene oxide to the mixture and allowing reactants of the mixture to react to form an alkoxylated fluoroalcohol reaction product.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the boron compound is an alkyl borate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the boron compound is boric acid.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the boron compound is used in an amount of from about 0.01 mole % to about 20 mole % by total moles of fluoroalcohol.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal iodide is selected from the group consisting of lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, and calcium iodide.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the fluoroalcohol has the structure F(CF2) m —OH or F(CF 2 ) m -A-OH, wherein m is from 2 to 20 and A is a
where n is from 1 to 6, R 1 and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a halogen or an alkyl group containing from 1-30 carbon atoms, and R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from an alkylene group containing from 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
said alkylene oxide has the structure:
where R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are each independently one of hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkyl alcohol, an alkyl halide, an aryl, an alkylaryl or an allyl ether.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the alkylene oxide is used in an amount of from about 1 mole % to about 100 mole % by total moles of the fluoroalcohol.