Bidirectional self-retaining sutures with laser-marked and/or non-laser marked indicia and methods
A marked heterofunctional suture thread has two or more sections having different features. One or more sections of the suture thread are provided with laser-marked and non-laser marked indicia in order that they may be identified and differentiated from other sections. The suture thread may have retainers on the surface of one or more sections such that the suture thread can engage and retain tissue without knots. The markers may be used to indicate fixed features of a section of suture thread such as the presence and/orientation of retainers. In particular embodiments, laser-marked and non-laser marked indicia are used to identify the transition section of a bidirectional self-retaining suture.
1. A bidirectional self-retaining suture thread comprising:
a first section of the suture thread having retainers oriented in a first direction;
a second section of the suture thread having retainers oriented in a second direction that is different from said first direction;
a transition section of the suture thread located between the first section and the second section; and
at least one of said first section, said second section and said transition section includes a mixture of a first colorant and a second colorant different from said first colorant in a region of said suture thread, and wherein at least a portion of said first colorant has been treated with electromagnetic radiation in the form of a laser to bleach the colorant, wherein said laser treatment creates a bleached section, leaving said second colorant, wherein said second colorant serves as a marker indicative of one of: presence of retainers, absence of retainers, and orientation of retainers within said at least one of said first section, said second section and said transition section.
2. The bidirectional self-retaining suture thread of claim 1 , wherein each of said first section, said second section and said transition includes a region of said suture thread which has been treated with electromagnetic radiation in the form of a laser to create a bleached section that serves as a marker indicative of one of: presence of retainers, absence of retainers, and orientation of retainers.
3. The bidirectional self-retaining suture thread of claim 1 , wherein:
said transition section includes a first region of said suture thread which has been treated with electromagnetic radiation in the form of a laser to create a first bleached section that serves as a marker adapted to be recognized by a surgeon; and
said second section includes a second region of said suture thread which has been treated with electromagnetic radiation in the form of a laser to create a second bleached section that serves as a marker different than the first marker and adapted to be recognized by a surgeon.
4. The bidirectional self-retaining suture thread of claim 1 , wherein:
said first section includes a first region of said suture thread which has been treated with electromagnetic radiation in the form of a laser to create a first bleached section that serves as a marker;
said second section includes a second region of said suture thread which has been treated with electromagnetic radiation in the form of a laser to create a second bleached section that serves as a marker;
said transition section includes a third region of said suture thread which has been treated with electromagnetic radiation in the form of a laser to create a third bleached section that serves as a marker; and
wherein said first marker is different than said second bleached section that serves as a marker, and said third bleached section that serves as a marker is different than said first bleached section that serves as a marker and said second bleached section that serves as a marker.
5. The bidirectional self-retaining suture thread of claim 1 , wherein:
the first colorant is [Phthalocyaninato(2-)] copper.
6. The bidirectional self-retaining suture thread of claim 5 , wherein:
said second colorant provides a different color than the first colorant.
7. A bidirectional self-retaining suture thread comprising:
a first section of the suture thread having retainers oriented in a first direction; a second section of the suture thread having retainers oriented in a second direction that is different from said first direction; a transition section of the suture thread located between the first section and the second section; and at least one of said first section, said second section and said transition section includes a region of said suture thread which has been treated to create a marker indicative of one of: presence of retainers, absence of retainers, and orientation of retainers within said at least one of said first section, said second section and said transition section, wherein:
the suture thread has a mixture of a first colorant and a second colorant, the second colorant being different than the first colorant;
the at least one of said first section, said second section and said transition section has been treated to create the marker by exposing the region of the suture thread to a fluid in order to extract the first colorant from the suture thread within said region, leaving the second colorant within the suture thread.