Primer for battery electrode
Primer arrangements that facilitate electrical conduction and adhesive connection between an electroactive material and a current collector are presented. In some embodiments, primer arrangements described herein include first and second primer layers. The first primer layer may be designed to provide good adhesion to a conductive support. In one particular embodiment, the first primer layer comprises a substantially uncrosslinked polymer having hydroxyl functional groups, e.g., polyvinyl alcohol. The materials used to form the second primer layer may be chosen such that the second primer layer adheres well to both the first primer layer and an electroactive layer. In certain embodiments including combinations of first and second primer layers, one or both of the first and second primer layers comprises less than 30% by weight of a crosslinked polymeric material. A primer including only a single layer of polymeric material is also provided.
1. An electrode comprising:
a conductive support;
a primer layer comprising a polymeric material, wherein at least 10% by weight of the polymeric material is non-crosslinked, and wherein at least a portion of the polymeric material is crosslinked; and
an electroactive layer in electrical communication with the primer layer, wherein the electroactive layer comprises an electroactive sulfur-containing material,
wherein the primer layer adheres to the conductive support and the electroactive layer.
2. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material comprises hydroxyl functional groups.
3. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material is polyvinyl alcohol.
4. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material is polyvinyl fluoride.
5. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the electroactive layer is different from the primer layer.
6. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein at least portions of the electroactive layer and the primer layer are formed of different materials.
7. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the primer layer does not include an electroactive material.
8. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the electroactive layer comprises a polymer including function groups that can interact with functional groups of the polymeric material of the primer layer.
9. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the primer layer is immediately adjacent the electroactive layer.
10. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the primer layer includes a conductive filler in the range of 10-90% by weight of the primer layer after the primer layer has been dried.
11. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the primer layer includes a conductive filler in the range of 40-80% by weight of the primer layer after the primer layer has been dried.
12. An electrode as in claim 10 , wherein the conductive filler is carbon black.
13. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the primer layer includes a total amount of polymeric material in the range of 30-60% by weight of the primer layer.
14. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the primer layer is less than 10 microns.
15. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the primer layer is less than 3 microns.
16. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the primer layer comprises less than 30% by weight of a crosslinked polymeric material.
17. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the primer layer comprises less than 30% by weight of crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol.
18. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the electroactive sulfur-containing material comprises elemental sulfur.
19. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the electroactive layer includes the electroactive sulfur-containing material in the range of 20% to 90% by weight of the electroactive layer.
20. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material of the primer layer comprises hydroxyl functional groups and the electroactive layer comprises a polymeric material comprising hydroxyl functional groups.
21. An electrode as in claim 20 , wherein the polymeric material comprising hydroxyl functional groups of the primer layer is polyvinyl alcohol and the polymeric material comprising hydroxyl functional groups of the electroactive layer is polyvinyl alcohol.
22. An electrode as in claim 21 , wherein the primer layer includes a conductive filler in the range of 10-90% by weight of the primer layer after the primer layer has been dried.
23. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the primer layer includes greater than 10% by weight of crosslinked polymeric material.
24. An electrode as in claim 1 , wherein the primer layer includes greater than 30% by weight of crosslinked polymeric material.