Purifying crude furan 2,5-dicarboxylic acid by hydrogenation
A process for purifying a crude furan 2,5-dicarboxylic acid composition (cFDCA) by hydrogenation of a FDCA composition dissolved in a hydrogenation solvent such as water, and hydrogenating under mild conditions, such as at a temperature within a range of 130° C. to 225° C. by contacting the solvated FDCA composition with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under a hydrogen partial pressure within a range of 10 psi to 900 psi. A product FDCA composition is produced having a low amount of tetrahydrofuran dicarboxylic acid, a low b*, and a low amount of 5-formyl furan-2-carboxylic acid (FFCA).
1. A process for purifying a crude furan 2,5-dicarboxylic acid composition (cFDCA) comprising:
a) providing a cFDCA composition comprising furan 2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) solids, 5-formyl furan-2-carboxylic acid (FFCA), and a oxidation solvent composition;
b) combining a hydrogenation solvent composition with said FDCA solids and dissolving at least a portion of the FDCA solids to thereby produce a solvated FDCA (sFDCA) composition comprising dissolved FDCA, the hydrogenation solvent composition, and FFCA;
c) in a hydrogenation reaction zone, hydrogenating the sFDCA at a temperature within a range of 130° C. to 225° C. by contacting the sFDCA composition with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to thereby hydrogenate FFCA and produce a furan 2,5-dicarboxylic acid composition (hFDCA) comprising a hydrogenated FFCA species, dissolved FDCA, and said hydrogenation solvent; and
e) separating at least a portion of the dissolved FDCA from the hFDCA composition to obtain a product FDCA (pFDCA) composition.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cFDCA composition comprises at least 15 wt. % solids based on the weight of the cFDCA composition, wherein at least 85 wt. % of the solids is FDCA based on the weight of the solids; and FFCA.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the cFDCA composition comprises at least 28 wt. % solids based on the weight of the cFDCA composition, wherein at least 90 wt. % of the solids is FDCA based on the weight of the solids; and at least 0.2 wt. % FFCA.
4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the cFDCA composition comprises 2,5 diformylfuran in an amount of 0 wt % to about 0.2 wt %; levulinic acid in an amount ranging from 0 wt % to 0.5 wt %; succinic acid in an amount ranging from 0 wt % to 0.5 wt %; acetoxyacetic acid in an amount ranging from 0 wt % to 0.5 wt %, and a cumulative amount of by-products other than FFCA present in an amount ranging from greater than 0 wt. % and up to 20 wt. %, in each case based on the weight of cFDCA composition.
5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the cFDCA composition has a b* of at least 5.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the amount of FFCA by weight present in the cFDCA composition relative to FFCA present in the pFDCA is reduced by a factor of at least 100×.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the reduction of FFCA is by a factor of at least 500×.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cFDCA composition is fed to an evaporator to remove at least a portion of the oxidation solvent from cFDCA composition to produce a concentrated slurry.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the concentrated slurry is fed to a solid/liquid separation zone to remove at least a portion of the oxidation solvent as a mother liquor to produce a wet cake, and said wet cake is washed to produce a washed cFDCA cake.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the washed cFDCA cake is fed to a dissolution zone for dissolving the washed cFDCA cake in a hydrogenation solvent composition.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cFDCA composition is fed to a solid/liquid separation zone to separate the oxidation solvent from the cFDCA composition.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the FDCA solids are, after or simultaneous with separation of the oxidation solvent, combined with a hydrogenation solvent to dissolve at least 98% of the FDCA solids and thereby produce a solvated FDCA composition.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the FDCA solids in step b are dissolved in the hydrogenation solvent at a temperature within a range of 130° C. to 200° C.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation solvent composition comprises at least 90 wt. % water based on the weight of hydrogenation solvent composition.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sFDCA composition comprises:
a) less than 1 wt. % solids;
b) dissolved FDCA in an amount of at least 7 wt. %; and
c) a hydrogenation solvent in an amount of at least 50 wt. %;
d) FFCA in an amount of at least greater than 0 wt. %;
in each case based on the weight of the sFDCA composition.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sFDCA composition is fed to the hydrogenation reactor at a temperature within a range of 135° C.-200° C.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein hydrogenation is conducted at a temperature within a range of 130° C. to less than 200° C.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the partial pressure of hydrogen is within a range of 50 psi to 500 psi.
19. The process of claim 1 , wherein hydrogenation is conducted under conditions effective to produce a pFDCA composition containing less than 500 ppm tetrahydrofuran dicarboxylic acid (“THFDCA”), based on the weight of FDCA solids in the pFDCA composition.
20. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hFDCA composition is crystallized.
21. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pFDCA composition comprises:
a) solids, wherein at least 98 wt. % of the solids are FDCA;
b) a b* of at least zero and less than 4;
c) FFCA in an amount of less than 200 ppm; and
d) tetrahydrofuran dicarboxylic acid (“THFDCA”) present in an amount ranging from 0 to 0.5 wt. %;
in each case based on the weight of the solids.
22. The process of claim 21 , wherein the pFDCA composition comprises at least 98 wt. % solids.
23. The process according to any one of claims 1 - 22 , wherein the hydrogenation solvent comprises at least 90 wt. % water.
24. The process of any one of claim 1 - 22 , wherein hydrogenation is conducted under a hydrogen partial pressure within a range of 10 psi to 900 psi and a total pressure within the hydrogenation reaction zone within a range of 35 psig to less than 950 psig.
25. The process of claim 24 , wherein the total pressure is within a range of 50 psig to 930 psig.
26. The process of claim 24 , wherein the hydrogen partial pressure is within a range of 20 psi to 400 psi.
27. The process of claim 1 , wherein the moles of FFCA fed into the hydrogenation reactor per hour to the moles of total catalyst metal(s) employed in the hydrogenation reactor is at least 0.1 hr −1 :1.
28. The process according to any one of claims 1 - 22 , wherein the yield of FDCA, on a solids basis and measured in the pFDCA composition, is at least 80%.
29. The process according to any one of claims 1 - 22 , wherein the process is operated to produce at least 20,000 kg/day of pFDCA on a solids basis, on a 24 hour basis over the course of any three months.