Pacifier System for stimulating and entraining the human orofacial system
This application discusses systems and method for entraining oromotor pattern development, such as the suck, in the orofacial system of an infant having neurological impairments or developmental disabilities. The system includes a baglet, an entrainment device, and a processor. In varying examples, the system additionally includes one or a combination of: a baglet pressure sensor, a memory, a timing circuit, a valve, a receiver assembly, a display device, and one or more data acquisition, data analysis, and stimulus-control software. Options and variations for each feature of the system are various. The present systems provide patterned, rhythmic stimulation to the infant's orofacial system to stimulate and entrain brain development, such as oromotor pattern development.
1. A non-nutritive system for use with a subject, the system comprising:
a pacifier comprising a baglet, adapted for non-nutritive sucking on by the subject;
a baglet pressure sensor, adapted to sense a baglet pressure signal;
a memory, adapted to store a predetermined suck regimen;
a processor, adapted to receive the baglet pressure signal and the predetermined suck regimen, and adapted to provide an entrainment signal;
an entrainment device, adapted to receive the entrainment signal, and adapted to provide a stimulus to the baglet; and
a valve in communication with the baglet, the valve adapted to controllably adjust one or more of: size or shape of the baglet using signals including a signal received from the processor or the baglet pressure sensor,
wherein the entrainment signal is based, at least in part, on the baglet pressure signal and the predetermined suck regimen.
2. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the baglet pressure signal provides an indication of one or a combination of: a baglet intracavity pressure intensity, a baglet intracavity pressure frequency, and a baglet intracavity pressure duration.
3. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the predetermined suck regimen is based, at least in part, on an assessment of the subject.
4. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the entrainment device comprises:
a motor, adapted to receive the entrainment signal; and
an actuator, mechanically coupled to the motor to generate the stimulus.
5. The system as recited in claim 4 , wherein the actuator includes a piston-cylinder assembly operable by the motor.
6. The system as recited in claim 4 , wherein the baglet is pneumatically coupled to the actuator to receive the stimulus.
7. The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a timing circuit, adapted to coordinate a timing of the entrainment signal with one or both of: a subject's suck cycle and a subject's breathing cycle.
8. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the valve is adapted to adjust the stimulus in accordance with the predetermined suck regimen.
9. The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a receiver assembly, adapted for detachably coupling the baglet.
10. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the baglet pressure sensor is a pressure transducer.
11. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the memory is adapted to store a history of one or a combination of: an assessment of the subject, the predetermined suck regimen, the entrainment signal, the stimulus, and the baglet pressure signal.
12. The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a display device adapted to illustrate one or a combination of: an assessment of the subject, the predetermined suck regimen, the entrainment signal, the stimulus, and the baglet pressure signal.
13. A non-nutritive system for mechanically entraining an orofacial system of a subject, the system comprising:
a pacifier comprising a baglet, adapted for non-nutritive sucking on by the subject;
a baglet pressure sensor, adapted to sense a baglet pressure signal;
a processor, adapted to receive the baglet pressure signal, and adapted to provide an entrainment signal;
an entrainment device, adapted to receive the entrainment signal, and adapted to provide a stimulus to the baglet; and
a valve in communication with the baglet, the valve adapted to controllably adjust one or more of: size or shape of the baglet using signals including a signal received from the processor or the baglet pressure sensor,
wherein the entrainment signal is based, at least in part, on the baglet pressure signal.
14. The system as recited in claim 13 , wherein the entrainment device comprises:
a motor, adapted to receive the entrainment signal; and
an actuator, coupled to the motor to generate the stimulus.
15. The system as recited in claim 14 , wherein the baglet is pneumatically coupled to the actuator to receive the stimulus.
16. The system as recited in claim 13 , further comprising at least one memory storage device adapted to store a history of one or a combination of: the entrainment signal, the stimulus, and the baglet pressure signal.
17. The system as recited in claim 13 , further comprising means for displaying, in real time, one or a combination of: the entrainment signal, the stimulus, and the baglet pressure signal.
18. The system of claim 13 , wherein the entrainment signal is based, at least in part, on a predetermined suck regimen.
19. The system as recited in claim 18 , wherein the entrainment device comprises:
a motor, coupled to the processor; and
an actuator, coupled to the motor.
20. The system as recited in claim 19 , wherein the baglet is coupled to the actuator to receive the stimulus.
21. A method of operating a non-nutritive system for generating non-nutritive stimulus for a subject comprising:
generating an entrainment signal based, at least in part, on a predetermined suck regimen;
providing a mechanical stimulus to a baglet in a pacifier using the entrainment signal, wherein providing the mechanical stimulus includes providing a patterned mechanical stimulus to the baglet by varying one or a combination of: a size of the baglet or a shape of the baglet;
sensing a baglet pressure signal;
computing a correction to the entrainment signal with a processor using electronic comparisons of the baglet pressure signal to the predetermined suck regimen; and
providing a corrected mechanical stimulus to the baglet using the correction to the entrainment signal.
22. The method as recited in claim 21 , further comprising storing a history of one or a combination of: an assessment of the subject, the predetermined suck regimen, the entrainment signal, a stimulus provided to the baglet, and the baglet pressure signal.
23. The method as recited in claim 21 , further comprising analyzing one or a combination of: an assessment of the subject, the predetermined suck regimen, the entrainment signal, a stimulus provided to the baglet, and the baglet pressure signal.
24. The method as recited in claim 21 , further comprising displaying one or a combination of: an assessment of the subject, the predetermined suck regimen, the entrainment signal, a stimulus provided to the baglet, and the baglet pressure signal.
25. The method as recited in claim 21 , further comprising monitoring a suck progress of the subject using one or both of: an assessment of the subject and the predetermined suck regimen.
26. The method as recited in claim 21 , wherein sensing the baglet pressure signal includes sensing one or a combination of: a baglet intracavity pressure intensity, a baglet intracavity pressure frequency, and a baglet intracavity pressure duration.