Binders
An un-reacted substantially formaldehyde free curable binder solution for binding loose matter consists essentially of a solution obtainable by dissolving a reducing sugar, an ammonium salt acid precursor, optionally a carboxylic acid or a precursor thereof and optionally ammonia in water.
1. A substantially formaldehyde free binder solution comprising a solution of Maillard reactants obtainable by dissolving
a reducing sugar;
at least 7% by dry weight with respect to the reducing sugar of a material selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulphate salts, ammonium phosphate salts, ammonium carbonate salts, ammonium nitrate, and combinations thereof; and
ammonia
in water, wherein the percent by dry weight of the reducing sugar with respect to the total weight of reactants in the binder solution ranges from about 71% to about 93%.
2. The substantially formaldehyde free binder solution in accordance with claim 1 , in which the material is selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulphate salts, ammonium phosphate salts, ammonium carbonate salts, and combinations thereof
3. The substantially formaldehyde free binder solution in accordance with claim 1 , in which the material is selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulphate salts, ammonium phosphate salts, and combinations thereof.
4. The substantially formaldehyde free binder solution in accordance with claim 1 , in which the material is an ammonium phosphate salt.
5. The substantially formaldehyde free binder solution in accordance with claim 1 , in which the reducing sugar comprises dextrose.
6. The substantially formaldehyde free binder solution in accordance with claim 1 , in which a carboxylic acid is present in the form of an ammonium salt.
7. The substantially formaldehyde free binder solution in accordance with claim 1 , in which the pH of the solution is greater than 7.
8. The substantially formaldehyde free binder solution in accordance with claim 1 , in which the binder solution has a pH which, in its conditions of use, prevents precipitation of sulphates, phosphates, carbonates, nitrate, or combinations thereof.
9. The substantially formaldehyde free binder solution in accordance with claim 1 , in which the material selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulphate salts, ammonium phosphate salts, ammonium carbonate salts, ammonium nitrate, and combinations thereof makes up between 5% and 25% by dry weight of the binder solution.
10. The substantially formaldehyde free binder solution in accordance with claim 1 , in which the binder solution comprises at least 5% solids and less than 50% solids.
11. The substantially formaldehyde free binder solution in accordance with claim 1 , in which the ratio by dry weight of the reducing sugar to the material selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulphate salts, ammonium phosphate salts, ammonium carbonate salts, ammonium nitrate and combinations thereof (expressed as dry weight of the reducing sugar/dry weight of the ammonium salt) is in the range 2.5 to 13.
12. The substantially formaldehyde free binder solution in accordance with claim 1 , in which the binder solution contains between 0.1% and 1% of a silane or silicon-containing coupling agent calculated as dissolved binder solids.
13. A method of manufacturing a product comprising the steps of:
providing a collection of loose matter;
treating the collection of loose matter with the substantially formaldehyde free binder solution of claim 1 ;
arranging the collection of loose matter treated with the binder solution into the shape of the product; and
curing the binder by applying a source of energy.
14. The method of claim 13 , in which the curing of the binder is carried out by passing the arranged collection of loose matter treated with the binder solution through at least one zone of a curing oven at a temperature within the range 230° C.-300° C. with an oven residence time in the range 30 seconds to 20 minutes.
15. The method of claim 13 , in which the curing of the binder is carried out in a press.