Thermoset nanocomposite particles, processing for their production, and their use in oil and natural gas drilling applications
Use of two different methods, either each by itself or in combination, to enhance the stiffness, strength, maximum possible use temperature, and environmental resistance of thermoset polymer particles is disclosed. One method is the application of post-polymerization process steps (and especially heat treatment) to advance the curing reaction and to thus obtain a more densely crosslinked polymer network. The other method is the incorporation of nanofillers, resulting in a heterogeneous “nanocomposite” morphology. Nanofiller incorporation and post-polymerization heat treatment can also be combined to obtain the benefits of both methods simultaneously. The present invention relates to the development of thermoset nanocomposite particles. Optional further improvement of the heat resistance and environmental resistance of said particles via post-polymerization heat treatment; processes for the manufacture of said particles; and use of said particles in the construction, drilling, completion and/or fracture stimulation of oil and natural gas wells are described.
1. A polymeric-nanocomposite spherical bead exhibiting at least one of enhanced resistance to deformation under load, enhanced retention of resistance at elevated temperature, and enhanced retention of resistance in acidic, basic, or hydrocarbon environments; comprising: a polymer matrix; and from 0.001 to 60 volume percent of nanofiller particles possessing a length that is less than 0.5 microns in at least one principal axis direction, wherein said nanofiller particles comprise at least one of fine particulate material, fibrous material, discoidal material, or a combination of such materials; and wherein said nanofiller particles are selected from the group consisting of natural nanoclays, synthetic nanoclays or mixtures thereof, said nanofiller particles being-dispersed throughout said polymeric nanocomposite spherical bead, wherein said spherical bead has diameter ranging from 0.1 mm to 4 mm and wherein said spherical bead has about neutral buoyancy relative to water.
2. The polymeric nanocomposite spherical bead of claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix comprises a terpolymer.
3. The polymeric nanocomposite spherical bead of claim 2 , wherein said polymer matrix comprises a styrene-ethylvinylbenzene-divinylbenzene terpolymer.
4. The polymeric-nanocomposite spherical bead of claim 1 , wherein said nanofiller particles possess a length that is less than 0.5 microns in at least one principal axis direction and an amount from 0.1% to 15% of said polymeric nanocomposite spherical bead by volume.