Antibody-nanoparticle conjugates and methods for making and using such conjugates
Disclosed herein are antibody-nanoparticle conjugates that include two or more nanoparticles (such as gold, palladium, platinum, silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, iridium, or an alloy of two or more thereof) directly linked to an antibody or fragment thereof through a metal-thiol bond. Methods of making the antibody-nanoparticle conjugates disclosed herein include reacting an arylphosphine-nanoparticle composite with a reduced antibody to produce an antibody-nanoparticle conjugate. Also disclosed herein are methods for detecting a target molecule in a sample that include using an antibody-nanoparticle conjugate (such as the antibody-nanoparticle conjugates described herein) and kits for detecting target molecules utilizing the methods disclosed herein.
1. An antibody-nanoparticle conjugate, comprising three or more metal nanoparticles directly linked to a single antibody through three or more metal-thiol bonds,
wherein the metal-thiol bonds are between thiol from of cysteine residues of the antibody and the three or more metal nanoparticle without an intervening linker.
2. The antibody-nanoparticle conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the conjugate comprises three to seven nanoparticles.
3. The antibody-nanoparticle conjugate of claim 2 , wherein the conjugate comprises five nanoparticles.
4. The antibody-nanoparticle conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the antibody comprises a rabbit, goat, mouse, or anti-hapten antibody.
5. The antibody-nanoparticle conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle comprises gold, palladium, platinum, silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, iridium, or an alloy of two or more thereof.
6. The antibody-nanoparticle conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle is about 5 nm or less in diameter.
7. The antibody-nanoparticle conjugate of claim 6 , wherein the nanoparticle is about 0.5 to 5 nm in diameter.