De-icing systems and methods
An de-icing system comprising a shield that is configured to deform in a pre-determined way that de-bonds accreted ice. In some embodiments, the shield has a variable (non-uniform) stiffness across its width and/or length such that it undergoes a twist-like or other suitable deformation when subjected to a force. In some embodiments, the system includes a plurality of electro-mechanical actuators configured to generate the force applied to the shield.
1. An aircraft de-icing system comprising:
a shield having an inner surface and an outer surface,
wherein the shield is fixed to an aircraft wing or slat structure at a plurality of fixation points;
one or more actuators positioned adjacent the inner surface of the shield and spaced apart from each of the plurality of fixation points,
wherein each of the one or more actuators is configured to generate an actuator force against the inner surface of the shield;
and a plurality of stiffeners and a plurality of reduced thickness areas arranged along a width of the shield
so that a thickness between the inner surface and the outer surface of the shield varies across the width of the shield
and causes the shield to undergo a non-uniform flexion when subjected to the actuator forces,
wherein a stiffness of the shield is greater at a portion of the shield having one of the plurality of stiffeners than at one of the plurality of reduced thickness areas,
and wherein a location of each of the plurality of reduced thickness areas along the width of the shield generally aligns with a location of one of the plurality of fixation points.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more actuators are electro-mechanical actuators.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein, when the shield is subjected to the actuator forces, a first radius of curvature of the shield is greater along the width and a length of the shield having the plurality of stiffeners than a second radius of curvature along the plurality of reduced thickness areas.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein some of the plurality of stiffeners extend generally radially from one of the one or more actuators.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the non-uniform flexion generates unified shear forces greater than a cohesion force of ice.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the plurality of reduced thickness areas comprise one or more weakness strips.
7. The aircraft de-icing system of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the shield varies across a length of the shield.
8. The aircraft de-icing system of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the plurality of stiffeners generally extend from one of the one or more actuators.
9. A system for de-icing a wing comprising:
a shield having an inner surface and an outer surface and having a stiffness that varies along a width of the shield due to a plurality of high stiffness areas and a plurality of low stiffness areas;
a plurality of fixation points that fix the inner surface of the shield to the wing or a slat structure;
and a plurality of actuators spaced apart from each of the plurality of fixation points and each configured to apply a force to the shield,
wherein the variable stiffness of the shield causes non-uniform deformation along the shield when the shield is subjected to the forces,
and wherein a location of each of the plurality of low stiffness areas along the width of the shield generally aligns with a location of one of the plurality of fixation points.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the actuators are electro-mechanical actuators.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein a width of each of the plurality of high stiffness areas is greater than a width of each of the plurality of low stiffness areas.
12. The system of claim 9 , wherein some of the plurality of high stiffness areas extend generally radially from at least one of the plurality of actuators.
13. The system of claim 9 , wherein the shield is positioned along a leading edge of the wing.
14. The system for de-icing a wing of claim 9 , wherein the stiffness of the shield varies along a length of the shield.
15. The system for de-icing a wing of claim 9 , wherein each of the plurality of high stiffness areas generally extends from one of the plurality of actuators toward one of the plurality of fixation points.
16. A system for de-icing a wing comprising:
a shield formed of a fiber composite material,
wherein the shield has an outer surface and an inner surface and wherein a stiffness of the shield varies along a width of the shield;
a plurality of fixation points at which an inner surface of the shield is coupled with the wing or a slat structure;
a plurality of actuators spaced apart from each of the plurality of fixation points and each configured to apply a force to the shield;
a plurality of high stiffness areas and a plurality of low stiffness areas;
wherein each of the plurality of low stiffness areas aligns generally along the width of the shield with one of the plurality of fixation points to cause a non-uniform deformation along the width of the shield when the shield is subjected to the forces.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of high stiffness areas include fibers that are oriented and are configured such that a stiffness of the high stiffness areas is greater than a stiffness of the plurality of the low stiffness areas.
18. The system for de-icing a wing of claim 16 , wherein the stiffness of the shield varies along a length of the shield.
19. The system for de-icing a wing of claim 16 , wherein each of the plurality of high stiffness areas generally extends from one of the plurality of actuators toward one of the plurality of fixation points.
20. A system for de-icing a wing comprising:
a laminate shield formed of a composite material comprising layers,
wherein the layers are configured such that the shield includes a plurality of high stiffness areas and a plurality of low stiffness areas to vary a stiffness of the shield along a width and a length of the shield;
a plurality of fixation points at which an inner surface of the laminate shield is coupled with the wing or a slat structure;
and a plurality of actuators separated from each of the plurality of fixation points and each configured to apply a force to the shield,
wherein each of the plurality of low stiffness areas is positioned to align generally with one of the plurality of fixation points,
and wherein the configuration of the layers of the shield causes a non-uniform deformation along the width and the length of the shield when the shield is subjected to the forces.
21. The system for de-icing a wing of claim 20 , wherein each of the plurality of high stiffness areas generally extends from one of the plurality of actuators toward one of the plurality of fixation points.