Processes for preparing highly pure lithium carbonate and other highly pure lithium containing compounds
The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.
1. A method of producing high purity lithium carbonate, the method comprising the steps of:
supplying a first aqueous solution containing lithium sulfate to an electrochemical cell;
electrolyzing the first aqueous solution to produce a second aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and a third aqueous solution containing high purity lithium hydroxide;
reacting the third aqueous solution containing high purity lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide to produce a fourth aqueous solution containing lithium bicarbonate;
separating the fourth aqueous solution from the carbon dioxide and lithium carbonate solids using a gas-liquid-solid separator;
filtering the fourth aqueous solution to remove trace impurities; and
feeding the filtered fourth aqueous solution to a precipitation reactor to precipitate highly pure lithium carbonate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of reacting the third aqueous solution containing high purity lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide produces the fourth aqueous solution having a pH of 8.5.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of reacting the third aqueous solution containing high purity lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide is carried out at a temperature of about 15° C. to about 30° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of reacting the third aqueous solution containing high purity lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide is carried out at a temperature of at least about 20° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the third aqueous solution containing high purity lithium hydroxide comprises at least 2 wt % lithium hydroxide.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the third aqueous solution containing high purity lithium hydroxide comprises at least 4 wt % lithium hydroxide.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filtered fourth aqueous solution is passed through an ion exchange column to remove divalent ions before feeding the filtered fourth aqueous solution to a precipitation reactor.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the divalent ions removed from the filtered fourth aqueous solution includes one or more of iron, silica, magnesium, manganese, calcium and strontium.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the highly pure lithium carbonate produced in the precipitation reactor contains lithium in excess of 99.9% purity.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the highly pure lithium carbonate produced in the precipitation reactor contains lithium in excess of 99.99% purity.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the highly pure lithium carbonate produced in the precipitation reactor contains lithium in excess of 99.999% purity.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precipitation reactor is maintained at a temperature of at least about 95° C. to precipitate highly pure lithium carbonate.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical cell includes a cathode, an anode, and a semi-permeable ion selective membrane.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anode contains titanium.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cathode contains nickel.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the highly pure lithium carbonate produced in the precipitation reactor contains lithium carbonate particles having an average diameter of less than about 100 μm.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the highly pure lithium carbonate produced in the precipitation reactor contains lithium carbonate particles having an average diameter of less than about 50 μm.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the highly pure lithium carbonate produced in the precipitation reactor contains lithium carbonate particles having an average diameter of less than about 10 μm.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trace impurities removed from the fourth aqueous solution includes at least one or more of phosphates and borates.
20. A method of producing high purity lithium carbonate, the method comprising the steps of:
supplying a first aqueous solution containing lithium sulfate to an electrochemical cell;
electrolyzing the first aqueous solution to produce a second aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and a third aqueous solution containing high purity lithium hydroxide;
reacting the third aqueous solution containing high purity lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide to produce a fourth aqueous solution containing lithium bicarbonate;
separating the fourth aqueous solution from the carbon dioxide and lithium carbonate solids;
filtering the fourth aqueous solution to remove trace impurities;
feeding the filtered fourth aqueous solution to a precipitation reactor to precipitate highly pure lithium carbonate and a fifth aqueous solution containing lithium bicarbonate; and
supplying the fifth aqueous solution to a reverse osmosis apparatus to produce highly pure lithium carbonate, wherein the reverse osmosis apparatus is operable to remove CO 2 from the fifth aqueous solution and cause lithium carbonate to precipitate.