Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method
A gas knife configured to dry a surface in an immersion lithographic apparatus is optimized to remove liquid by ensuring that a pressure gradient is built up in the liquid film on the surface being dried.
1. A lithographic projection apparatus, comprising:
a projection system arranged to project a pattern from a patterning device onto a substrate through a liquid;
a gas knife configured to provide gas to a surface to be dried; and
an extractor positioned adjacent the gas knife to remove gas, liquid, or both,
wherein an outlet of the gas knife and an inlet of the extractor are formed in a substantially flat surface, the distance between the inlet of the extractor and the outlet being 0.5 to 0.8 times the distance the flat surface extends on the other side to the extractor of the gas knife to the nearer of another extractor or the end of the flat surface on the other side.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a flow regulator configured to control a rate of extraction of gas through the inlet and outlet to provide gas to the surface at an angle to the surface of between 70° and 85°.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the outlet forms an angle of between 85° and 70° with the surface.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a flow regulator configured to control the gas flow rate out of the outlet of the gas knife to be within 20% of the flow rate into the inlet of the extractor.
5. A lithographic projection apparatus, comprising:
a projection system arranged to project a pattern from a patterning device onto a substrate through a liquid;
a gas knife configured to provide gas to a surface; and
an extractor to remove gas, liquid, or both from the surface, wherein an outlet of the gas knife and an inlet of the extractor are formed in a substantially flat surface and the outlet of the gas knife is in the range of 0.2 to 8 mm away from the inlet of the extractor.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the outlet of the gas knife is in the range of 1 to 8 mm away from the inlet of the extractor.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the gas knife is configured to provide gas to the surface of the substrate at an angle to the surface of between 70° and 85°.
8. The apparatus of claim 5 , further comprising a flow regulator configured to control a rate of extraction of gas through the inlet and outlet to provide gas to the surface of the substrate at an angle to the surface of between 70° and 85°.
9. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the distance between the outlet of the gas knife and the inlet of the extractor is 0.5 to 0.8 times the distance the flat surface extends on the other side to the outlet of the inlet.
10. The apparatus of claim 5 , further comprising a flow regulator configured to control the gas flow rate out of the outlet of the gas knife to be within 20% of the flow rate into the inlet of the extractor.
11. A device manufacturing method comprising:
projecting through a liquid a patterned beam of radiation onto a substrate;
providing gas with a gas knife on a surface of the substrate;
extracting gas, liquid, or both from the surface with an extractor;
wherein liquid is removed from the surface by a flow of gas out of an outlet of the gas knife towards the inlet of the extractor, the outlet of the gas knife being in between 0.2 and 8 mm away from the inlet of the extractor.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the outlet of the gas knife is in the range of 1 to 8 mm away from the inlet of the extractor.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the providing comprises providing gas to the surface of the substrate at an angle to the surface of between 70° and 85°.
14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising controlling a rate of extraction of gas through the inlet and outlet to provide gas to the surface of the substrate at an angle to the surface of between 70° and 85°.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the distance between the outlet of the gas knife and the inlet of the extractor is 0.5 to 0.8 times the distance a surface, in which the outlet and inlet are provided, extends on the other side to the outlet of the inlet.
16. A device manufacturing method comprising:
projecting through a liquid a patterned beam of radiation onto a substrate;
providing gas with a gas knife on a surface of the substrate; and
extracting gas, liquid, or both from the surface with an extractor positioned adjacent the gas knife,
wherein an outlet of the gas knife and an inlet of the extractor are formed in a substantially flat surface, the distance between the inlet of the extractor and the outlet being 0.5 to 0.8 times the distance the flat surface extends on the other side to the extractor of the gas knife to the nearer of another extractor or the end of the flat surface on the other side.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising controlling a rate of extraction of gas through the inlet and outlet to provide gas to the surface at an angle to the surface of between 70° and 85°.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the providing comprises providing gas to the surface of the substrate at an angle to the surface of between 70° and 85°.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the outlet forms an angle of between 85° and 70° with the surface.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein liquid is removed from the surface by flow of gas out of the outlet of the gas knife towards the inlet of the extractor, the outlet of the gas knife being in the range of 1 to 8 mm away from the inlet of the extractor.