3D trophoblast matrix for preparing organ-specific stem cells
This disclosure relates generally to methods, apparatuses, and cellular compositions and cellular products that use a unique trophoblast-containing 3D matrix as a compartmental chamber for growing embryoid bodies that can be induced to differentiate into organ-specific cell types.
1. A method for creating lineage-specific stem cells, comprising:
a) seeding human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into a trophoblast-containing three-dimensional matrix;
b) growing an embryoid body from the human embryonic stem cells within the trophoblast-containing matrix;
c) transferring the trophoblast-matrix containing the embryoid body from step (b) into a new culture medium that contains at least one differentiation agent that causes the ES cells to become committed lineage-specific stem cells; and
d) transferring the trophoblast-matrix containing the embryoid body from step (c) into a new culture medium that contains at least one chemoattractant, wherein at least one committed lineage-specific stem cell migrates out of the embryoid body and the trophoblast-containing matrix in response to the chemoattractant.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising encapsulating human embryonic stem cells in a hydrogel.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising degenerating the structure of the embryoid body.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein degenerating the structure of the embryoid body comprises digesting the trophoblast-containing matrix comprising the embryoid body.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising isolating lineage-specific stem cells obtained from the degenerated embryoid body.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hydrogel comprises a natural or synthetic polymer.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the hydrogel comprises a polysaccharide, a peptide, a proteoglycan, or a combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hydrogel comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid-co-lactic acid), collagen, laminin, hyaluronan, alginate, chitosan, silk fibrils, poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate), polyethylene terephthalate, agarose, methylcellulose, fibrin, and a combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the trophoblast-containing matrix is embedded in a hydrogel that is in a well of a 96-well plate.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of transferring the trophoblast-matrix containing the embryoid body to a new culture medium comprises:
(i) dissolving the hydrogel and
(ii) transferring the trophoblast-containing matrix containing the embryoid body into a 96-well plate that is either (a) pre-filled with a hydrogel that comprises at least one differentiation agent for promoting the creation of lineage-specific stem cells, or (b) coated with at least one differentiation agent for promoting the creation of lineage-specific stem cells.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the differentiation agent is a chemokine or morphogen.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trophoblasts are cytotrophoblast cells.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein 10-100,000 human embryonic stem cells are seeded into the trophoblast-containing matrix.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the differentiation agent promotes the creation of neural stem cells, oligodendrocyte cells, mast cells, hemato-lymphoid cells, epithelial cells, mammary stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory stem cells, and testicular stem cells.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein multiple wells of the 96-well plate each contain a trophoblast-containing matrix seeded with embryonic stem cells, and each matrix, when it comprises a grown embryoid body, is simultaneously or subsequently transferred to a well plate that comprises at least one differentiation agent that promotes creation of the same or different lineage-specific stem cell.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trophoblast containing-matrix is transferred to a new culture medium once the embryoid body develops beating cardiomyocytes.