Carbon ion beam injector apparatus and method of use thereof
View Patent ↗A charged particle cancer therapy system is used to accelerate an anion, such a C − , and to convert the anion to a cation, such as C 6+ , through use of one or more electron extraction subsystems. A first example of an electron extraction subsystem is a hydrogen gas electron stripping system. A second example of an electron extraction subsystem is a carbon foil electron stripping system. The resultant cation is accelerated in a synchrotron, transported along a beam-line, and targeted to a tumor resulting in ablation of the tumor.
1. A method for stripping electrons from charged particles, comprising the steps of:
providing a tandem accelerator comprising:
a beam path;
a vacuum tube circumferentially surrounding a portion of a longitudinal axis of the beam path; and
a first electron extraction subsystem, comprising:
a carbon stripping foil axially crossing the beam path;
forming a vacuum seal between said carbon stripping foil and said vacuum tube;
passing positively charged particles, of the charged particles, through said carbon stripping foil;
stripping electrons from the positively charged particles using said carbon stripping foil, said step of stripping electrons forming cations with a charge of at least five;
using said carbon stripping foil to block nitrogen gas from passing from a first side of said carbon stripping foil to a second side of said carbon stripping foil;
providing a first vacuum pump connected to said vacuum tube on the first side of said carbon stripping foil;
providing a second vacuum pump connected to said vacuum tube on the second side of said carbon stripping foil;
using said first vacuum pump to maintain a first vacuum pressure that is at least ten times greater than a second pressure maintained using said second vacuum pump; and
maintaining a synchrotron vacuum in a synchrotron using said second vacuum pump.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
stripping at least two electrons per atom using said carbon stripping foil.
3. A method for stripping electrons from charged particles comprising the steps of:
providing a tandem accelerator comprising:
a beam path;
a vacuum tube circumferentially surrounding a portion of a longitudinal axis of the beam path; and
a first electron extraction subsystem, comprising:
a carbon stripping foil axially crossing the beam path;
forming a vacuum seal between said carbon stripping foil and said vacuum tube;
passing positively charged particles, of the charged particles, through said carbon stripping foil;
stripping electrons from the positively charged particles using said carbon stripping foil, said step of stripping electrons forming cations with a charge of at least five;
providing a second electron extraction subsystem in said tandem accelerator, comprising:
a hydrogen gas source; and
a gas port switch;
using said gas port switch to open a port between said hydrogen gas source and a first interior section of said vacuum tube, said first interior section in the beam path prior to a second interior section of said vacuum tube housing said carbon stripping foil;
injecting hydrogen gas through said gas port switch into said first interior section, said first interior section comprising carbon anions, of the charged particles, the carbon anions traveling along the beam path; and
using said hydrogen gas to strip electrons from the carbon anions to form the positively charged particles, the positively charged particles comprising multivalent carbon cations,
wherein said step of stripping electrons using the carbon stripping foil subsequently further strips electrons from the multivalent carbon cations to form C 6+ .
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the multivalent cations comprise at least one of: a trivalent cation and a quadrivalent cation.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the multivalent carbon cations comprise at least one of: C 3+ and C 4+ .
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising the step of:
between said first interior section and said second interior section, accelerating the multivalent carbon cations with a set of electrodes having progressively higher voltages along the beam path.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising the step of:
maintaining at least one electrode of said set of electrodes at a potential exceeding two mega-electron volts.
8. The method of claim 3 , further comprising the steps of:
injecting the C 6+ into a synchrotron;
accelerating the C 6+ with said synchrotron; and
extracting the C 6+ from said synchrotron by slowing the C 6+ using an extraction foil.