Time-based link fault localization

1. A method for determining an estimated physical location of a fault in a physical communications link utilized by a first network element and a second network element, the method comprising:

receiving a first link failure indication from the first network element, wherein the first link failure indication comprises a first time value that was received by the first network element from the second network element over the physical communications link;

determining a time distance between the first time value and a second time value, wherein the second time value was received by the second network element from the first network element over the physical communications link; and

calculating the estimated physical location of the fault based upon the time distance.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:

receiving a third time value, wherein the third time value indicates a time when the first network element detected that the fault occurred; and

receiving a fourth time value, wherein the fourth time value indicates a time when the second network element detected that the fault occurred.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:

the first network element detected that the fault occurred by detecting a first Loss of Signal (LoS) of the physical communications link; and

the second network element detected that the fault occurred by detecting a second LoS of the physical communications link.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein:

the first network element detected that the fault occurred by detecting that at least one packet received over the physical communications link from the second network element contains erroneous data; and

the second network element detected that the fault occurred by detecting that at least one packet received over the physical communications link from the first network element contains erroneous data.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the first time value is a timestamp from within a first packet received by the first network element over the physical communications link prior to the first network element detecting that the fault occurred; and

the second time value is a timestamp from within a second packet received by the second network element over the physical communications link prior to the second network element detecting that the fault occurred.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first packet and the second packet are transmitted over the physical communications link on an out-of-band Operations, Administration, and Management (OAM) channel.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the first time value is based upon,

a timestamp from within a first packet received by the first network element over the physical communications link prior to the first network element detecting that the fault occurred, and

a first location within the first packet having a value that is erroneous; and

the second time value is based upon,

a timestamp from within a second packet received by the second network element over the physical communications link prior to the second network element detecting that the fault occurred, and

a second location within the second packet having a value that is erroneous.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first network element and the second network element each synchronize their respective clocks to a common time frame of reference.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said calculating of the estimated physical location of the fault is further based upon one or more of:

a propagation speed of the physical communications link;

a physical length of the physical communications link; and

a propagation delay of the physical communications link.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the physical communications link is an optical link.

11. A first network element to determine an estimated physical location of a fault in a physical communications link that is to be utilized by the first network element and a second network element, the first network element comprising:

a set of one or more physical network interfaces configured to:

transmit, to the second network element, a first plurality of bits over the physical communications link,

receive, from the second network element, a second plurality of bits over the physical communications link, and

receive, from the second network element, a first link failure indication that is to include a first time value received by the second network element from the first network element over the physical communications link;

a link fault detection module configured to:

detect that the fault of the physical communications link has occurred, and

generate, responsive to said detection, a second link failure indication that is to include a second time value; and

a link fault localization module configured to:

determine a time distance between the first time value and the second time value, and

calculate the estimated physical location of the fault based upon the time distance.

12. The first network element of claim 11 , wherein the set of one or more physical network interfaces is further configured to receive a third time value, wherein the third time value indicates a time when the second network element detects that the fault occurred; and wherein the link fault detection module is further configured to generate a fourth time value to indicate a time when the first network element detects that the fault occurred.

13. The first network element of claim 11 , wherein the link fault detection module is to detect that the fault occurred by being configured to detect a Loss of Signal (LoS) of the physical communications link.

14. The first network element of claim 11 , wherein the link fault detection module is to detect that the fault occurred by being configured to detect that at least one set of bits of the second plurality of bits contains erroneous data.

15. The first network element of claim 11 , wherein:

the first time value is a timestamp from within a first packet of the first plurality of bits received by the second network element over the physical communications link prior to the second network element detecting that the fault occurred; and

the second time value is a timestamp from within a second packet of the second plurality of bits received by the first network element over the physical communications link prior to said link fault detection module detecting that the fault of the physical communications link occurred.

16. The first network element of claim 11 , wherein:

the first time value is based upon,

a timestamp from within a first packet of the first plurality of bits received by the second network element over the physical communications link prior to the second network element detecting that the fault occurred, and

a first location within the first packet having a value that is erroneous; and

the second time value is based upon,

a timestamp from within a second packet of the second plurality of bits received by the first network element over the physical communications link prior to the link fault detection module detecting that the fault occurred, and

a second location within the second packet having a value that is erroneous.

17. An apparatus to determine an estimated physical location of a fault in a physical communications link to be utilized by a first network element and a second network element, the apparatus comprising:

a set of one or more physical network interfaces configured to:

receive, from the first network element, a first link failure indication that is to include a first time value that is to be received by the first network element from the second network element over the physical communications link, and

receive, from the second network element, a second link failure indication that is to include a second time value, wherein the second time value is to be received by the second network element from the first network element over the physical communications link; and

a link fault localization module configured to:

determine a time distance between the first time value and the second time value, and

calculate the estimated physical location of the fault based upon the time distance.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the set of one or more physical network interfaces is further configured to:

receive a third time value, wherein the third time value is to indicate a time when the second network element detects that the fault occurred; and

receive a fourth time value, wherein the fourth time value is to indicate a time when the first network element detects that the fault occurred.

19. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein:

the first time value is a timestamp from within a first packet to be received by the first network element over the physical communications link from the second network element prior to the first network element detecting that the fault occurred; and

the second time value is a timestamp from within a second packet to be received by the second network element over the physical communications link from the first network element prior to the second network element detecting that the fault occurred.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the first packet and the second packet are transmitted over the physical communications link on an out-of-band Operations, Administration, and Management (OAM) channel.

21. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein:

the first time value is based upon,

a timestamp from within a first packet received by the first network element over the physical communications link from the second network element prior to the first network element detecting that the fault occurred, and

a first location within the first packet having a value that is erroneous; and

the second time value is based upon,

a timestamp from within a second packet received by the second network element over the physical communications link from the first network element prior to the second network element detecting that the fault occurred, and

a second location within the second packet having a value that is erroneous.

22. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the physical communications link is an optical link.

23. A method performed by a server end station for determining an estimated physical location of a fault in an optical link utilized by a first optical switch and a second optical switch, the method comprising:

receiving a first link failure indication from the first optical switch, wherein the first link failure indication comprises a first time value that was received by the first optical switch from the second optical switch over the optical link;

receiving a second link failure indication from the second optical switch, wherein the second link failure indication comprises a second time value that was received by the second optical switch from the first optical switch over the optical link;

determining a time distance between the first time value and the second time value; and

calculating the estimated physical location of the fault based upon the time distance.

24. A server end station to determine an estimated physical location of a fault in an optical link utilized by a first optical switch and a second optical switch, the server end station comprising:

a set of one or more physical ports configured to:

receive, from the first optical switch, a first link failure indication that is to include a first time value that was received by the optical switch from the second optical switch over the optical link, and

receive, from the second optical switch, a second link failure indication that is to include a second time value that was received by the second optical switch from the first optical switch over the optical link; and

a link fault localization module configured to:

determine a time distance between the first time value and the second time value, and

calculate the estimated physical location of the fault based upon the time distance.