A solar cell includes: a passivating layer sequence having a plurality of island-like recesses from which the passivating layers have been completely removed; a thin first metal layer situated on the passivating layer sequence and situated in the recesses on the substrate surface; a thin dielectric cover layer covering the first metal layer which has a first regular arrangement of narrow line-type openings and a second regular arrangement of essentially wider line-type or extended island-type openings, the first and second opening arrangement being aligned at an angle; and a highly conductive second metal layer able to be soldered at the exposed surface in the openings of the first and second opening arrangement and contacts the first metal layer there.
1. A solar cell, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate made of silicon and having a first main surface used as an incident light side and a second main surface used as a backside;
a passivating layer sequence situated on the second main surface, wherein the passivating layer sequence has a plurality of island-type recesses in which passivating layer material has been completely removed;
a thin first metal layer situated on the passivating layer sequence and in the recesses such that the first metal layer covers the entire backside of the substrate;
a thin dielectric cover layer covering the first metal layer, wherein the thin dielectric cover layer has a first regular arrangement of narrow line-type openings and a second regular arrangement of one of wider line-type openings or extended island-type openings, the openings of the first and second regular arrangement extending through the dielectric layer and exposing portions of a surface of the first metal layer, wherein the first regular arrangement of openings and the second regular arrangement of openings are aligned substantially transversely to each other; and
a conductive second metal layer which contacts, and is able to be soldered at, the portions of the surface of the first metal layer exposed by the openings of the first regular arrangement and the openings of the second regular arrangement.
2. The solar cell as recited in claim 1 , wherein the second metal layer includes at least one of Ni, Cu and Sn.
3. The solar cell as recited in claim 2 , wherein the second metal layer is made up of a sequence of metal layers including Ni, Cu, and Sn.
4. The solar cell as recited in claim 3 , wherein the first metal layer includes at least one of Al and Ni.
5. The solar cell as recited in claim 4 , wherein the first metal layer is made up of a sequence of metal layers including Al and Ni.
6. The solar cell as recited in claim 3 , wherein the second metal layer has one of a chemically or galvanically deposited reinforcement layer.
7. The solar cell as recited in claim 3 , wherein the thin dielectric cover layer has at least one of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride and titanium oxide.
8. The solar cell as recited in claim 3 , wherein the semiconductor substrate is a p-doped silicon substrate having a phosphorus-doped emitter on the first main surface.
9. The solar cell as recited in claim 3 , wherein the semiconductor substrate is an n-doped silicon substrate having one of a boron-doped or aluminum-doped p+-emitter on the second main surface.