Systems and methods for on-site and real-time electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI)

1. A method comprising:

computing, by a computer comprising a processor, a transfer matrix representing a relative influence that each of the respective electrode locations for the measured electrical potentials has on the estimation of electrical potentials for the locations on the surface of interest prior to measuring the plurality of electrical potentials;

measuring the plurality of electrical potentials via the plurality of electrodes at respective electrode locations on a patient's body;

receiving, by the computer, data corresponding to the plurality of electrical potentials measured via the plurality of electrodes at respective electrode locations; and

computing, by the computer, an estimation of electrical potentials for locations on a surface of interest based at least in part on the measured plurality of electrical potentials and the computed transfer matrix, wherein the locations on the surface of interest are different from the electrode locations; and

displaying an image of the surface of interest including the estimated electrical potentials for locations on the surface of interest.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface of interest comprises a cardiac surface.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein computing the transfer matrix occurs prior to a medical procedure or at an outset of the medical procedure, and wherein said receiving data corresponding to the plurality of electrical potentials and said computing the estimation occur during the medical procedure.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said receiving data corresponding to the plurality of electrical potentials and said computing the estimation occur on-site with respect to where the medical procedure is being performed.

5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cardiac surface comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an epicardial surface and an endocardial surface.

6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the estimation is computed via a meshless electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) procedure.

7. The method of claim 2 , further comprising using the computed estimation to evaluate a result of the medical procedure.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein computing the transfer matrix comprises computing by the processor a first transfer matrix and a second transfer matrix, both transfer matrices being computed prior to said measuring via the plurality of electrodes, the first transfer matrix representing a geometrical relationship between each electrode location of the plurality electrodes where the measured electrical potentials are measured and a plurality of locations on the surface of interest for which the estimated electrical potentials are estimated, the second transfer matrix representing a relative influence that each of the plurality of electrode locations for the measured electrical potentials has on the estimated potentials for the locations on the surface of interest, and wherein computing the estimation comprises multiplying the second transfer matrix and the measured electrical potentials.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein computing the estimation comprises computing the estimation in real-time with respect to said receiving data corresponding to the measured electrical potentials.

10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:

defining a simulated measurement of the measured electrical potentials;

computing a plurality of simulated estimations of electrical potentials on the surface of interest based on the simulated measurement and the first transfer matrix; and

creating the second transfer matrix from the plurality of simulated estimations.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said computing the plurality of simulated estimations comprises computing the plurality of simulated estimations of electrical potentials using a linear regularization technique.

12. A system comprising:

a signal acquisition device comprising a plurality of electrical inputs to receive a plurality of electrical potential measurements from electrodes to be arranged at respective locations on a patient's body to measure the plurality of respective electrode locations; and

a processing device comprising a processor programmed to:

compute a transfer matrix representing a relative influence that each of the respective electrode locations for the measured electrical potentials has on the estimation of electrical potentials for the locations on the surface of interest prior to measuring the plurality of electrical potential measurements;

receive the plurality of electrical potential measurements from the signal acquisition device; and

compute an estimation of electrical potentials on a cardiac surface of interest based at least in part on the plurality of electrical potential measurements and the computed transfer matrix, wherein the processor is programmed to perform the transfer matrix computation in the absence of the electrical potential measurements, wherein the locations on the surface of interest are different from the electrode locations; and

a display to display an image of the cardiac surface of interest and either the estimation of the electrical potentials for the locations on the cardiac surface of interest or information derived from the estimation of the electrical potentials for locations on the cardiac surface of interest.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the processor is further programmed to compute the estimation via a meshless ECGI technique.

14. The system of claim 12 , wherein the processor is further programmed to compute a plurality of transfer matrices, the plurality of transfer matrices comprising a first transfer matrix and a second transfer matrix, wherein the processor is further programmed to compute both transfer matrices prior to receiving the electrical potential measurements, the first transfer matrix representing a geometrical relationship between each electrode location of the plurality electrodes where the measured electrical potentials are measured and a plurality of locations on the surface of interest for which the estimated electrical potentials are estimated, the second transfer matrix representing a relative influence that each of the plurality of electrode locations for the measured electrical potentials has on the estimated potentials for the locations on the surface of interest, and wherein the processor is further programmed to compute the estimation by multiplying the first transfer matrix and the electrical potential measurements.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the processor is further programmed to:

generate an image for display based on the computed estimation; and

perform the estimation computation and the image generation in real-time with respect to receiving the electrical potential measurements.

16. The system of claim 14 , wherein the processor is further programmed to:

define a simulated measurement of the electrical potential measurements;

compute a plurality of simulated estimations of electrical potentials on the surface of interest based on the simulated measurement and the first transfer matrix; and

create the second transfer matrix from the plurality of simulated estimations.

17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the processor is further programmed to compute the plurality of simulated estimations using a linear regularization technique.