Methods and systems for carrying out a pH-influenced chemical and/or biological reaction

1. A system for carrying out a pH-influenced chemical and/or biological reaction, comprising:

a pH-adjustment zone comprising a solution containing a complexation agent capable of associating and/or disassociating an acid and/or base to and/or from the solution upon exposure to an electrical potential, wherein the complexation agent comprises a metal, and wherein the complexation agent is at least 30% of an electrode by weight; and

a reaction zone in fluid connection with the pH adjustment zone, wherein the reaction zone comprises components and reagents for carrying out a pH-influenced chemical and/or biological reaction, wherein the pH-influenced biological and/or chemical reaction involves the conversion of CO 2 to a dissolved species.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the acid is a proton.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the base is a hydroxide.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pH-adjustment zone comprises a first electrode and a second electrode.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein a first electrode is in a first compartment and the second electrode is in a second compartment.

6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the first compartment and the second compartment are separated by a membrane.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the membrane is an ion-selective membrane.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pH-adjustment zone and the reaction zone comprise a first container and a second, different, container.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pH-adjustment zone and the reaction zone are comprised in the same container.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the complexation agent is a solute in the solution.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the complexation agent is at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99%, of an electrode by weight.

12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises a first type of complexation agent and a second type of complexation agent.

13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the acid and/or base comprises an amine.

14. A system, comprising:

a pH-adjustment zone comprising a solution and a complexation agent in contact with the solution, wherein the complexation agent is capable of associating and/or disassociating an acid and/or base to and/or from the solution upon exposure to an electrical potential, wherein the complexation agent comprises a metal, and wherein the complexation agent is at least 30% of an electrode by weight; and

a reaction zone in fluid communication with the pH-adjustment zone, wherein the reaction zone comprises a CO 2 absorption column.

15. A method, comprising:

providing a system comprising a pH-adjustment zone and a reaction zone in fluid connection with the pH-adjustment zone, wherein the pH-adjustment zone comprises a complexation agent, wherein the reaction zone comprises components and reagents for carrying out a pH-influenced chemical and/or biological reaction, and wherein the complexation agent comprises a metal, and wherein the complexation agent is at least 30% of an electrode by weight;

exposing the complexation agent in the pH-adjustment zone to an electrical potential, wherein the complexation agent associates and/or disassociates an acid and/or base to and/or from the solution upon exposure to the electrical potential and causes the pH of the solution to increase or decrease, thereby forming a pH-selected solution having a selected pH, wherein the change in pH of the solution is not due to water electrolysis; and

flowing the pH-selected solution to the reaction zone, wherein the chemical and/or biological reaction is influenced by the pH of the pH-selected solution, and wherein the chemical and/or biological reaction causes the pH of the pH-selected solution to decrease or increase.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the pH of the pH-selected solution is about 1, about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, about 9, about 10, about 11, about 12, or about 13.

17. A method, comprising:

providing a system comprising a pH-adjustment zone and a reaction zone in fluid connection with the pH-adjustment zone, wherein the pH-adjustment zone comprises a complexation agent, wherein the reaction zone comprises components and reagents for carrying out a pH-influenced reaction involving the conversion of CO 2 to a dissolved species, and wherein the complexation agent comprises a metal, and wherein the complexation agent is at least 30% of an electrode by weight;

exposing the complexation agent in the pH-adjustment zone to an electrical potential, wherein the complexation agent associates and/or disassociates an acid and/or base to and/or from the solution upon exposure to the electrical potential and causes the pH of the solution to increase or decrease, thereby forming a pH-selected solution having a selected pH; and

flowing the pH-selected solution to the reaction zone, wherein the pH-influenced reaction involving the conversion of CO 2 to a dissolved species is influenced by the pH of the pH-selected solution, and wherein the reaction causes the pH of the pH-selected solution to decrease or increase.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the change in pH of the solution is not due to water electrolysis.

19. A method, comprising:

providing a system comprising a pH-adjustment zone and a reaction zone in fluid connection with the pH-adjustment zone, wherein the pH-adjustment zone comprises a complexation agent and wherein the reaction zone comprises components and reagents for carrying out a pH-influenced reaction involving the conversion of CO 2 to a dissolved species;

exposing the complexation agent in the pH-adjustment zone to an electrical potential, wherein the complexation agent associates and/or disassociates an acid and/or base to and/or from the solution upon exposure to the electrical potential and causes the pH of the solution to increase or decrease, thereby forming a pH-selected solution having a selected pH; and

flowing the pH-selected solution to the reaction zone, wherein the pH-selected solution comprises essentially no complexation agent wherein the pH-influenced reaction involving the conversion of CO 2 to a dissolved species is influenced by the pH of the pH-selected solution, and wherein the reaction causes the pH of the pH-selected solution to decrease or increase.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the complexation agent is selected from the group consisting of:

PbSO 4 +2H 2 O PbO 2 +SO 4 2− +4H + +2 e −

QH 2 Q+2H + +2 e − , wherein Q=quinone

QH 2 +2OH − Q+2H 2 O+2 e − , wherein Q=quinone

Cu+2OH − CuO+H 2 O+2 e −

Cu Cu 2+ +2 e −

Cu 2+ +2OH − Cu(OH 2 )

Cu+20H − Cu(OH) 2 +2 e −

O 2 +H 2 O+4 e − 4OH −

2Cu+O 2 +H 2 O 2Cu(OH) 2 or

2Fe+O 2 +H 2 O 2Fe(OH) 2