Method and apparatus for determining concentration using polarized light
An apparatus and method for determining the concentration of chiral molecules in a fluid includes a first polarizer configure to polarize light in substantially a first plane to provide initially polarized light. A second polarizer is capable of polarizing the initially polarized light in a plurality of planes, at least one of the plurality of planes being different from the first plane, to provide subsequently polarized light. One or more receivers are included for measuring an intensity of the subsequently polarized light in one or more of the plurality of planes.
1. An apparatus for determining the concentration of chiral molecules in a fluid comprising:
a first polarizer configured to polarize light substantially in a first plane;
a second polarizer configured to polarize light in a plurality of planes, at least one of the plurality of planes being different from the first plane;
a fluid chamber, at least a portion of the fluid chamber at least partially disposed between the first polarizer and the second polarizer, the fluid chamber configured to retain a volume of fluid; and
at least one receiver capable of measuring an intensity of incident light transmitted through the first polarizer and through the second polarizer, wherein the concentration of chiral molecules in the volume of fluid is determined using the intensity of incident light transmitted through the first polarizer and through the second polarizer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a light source capable of providing light incident upon the first polarizer, the light incident upon the first polarizer being substantially randomly polarized.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the fluid chamber includes an at least partially transparent fluid line configured to allow a fluid containing a concentration of chiral molecules to flow through the fluid chamber.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the chiral molecules include glucose molecules.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second polarizer includes a polarizer array including one or more polarizing elements, each of the one or more polarizing elements configured to polarize light substantially in a respective single plane, each of the respective single planes being different from one or more of the other of the respective single planes.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second polarizer includes a gradient polarizer configured to polarize light in a plurality of different planes.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least one receivers are capable of measuring an intensity of light in one or more of the plurality of planes.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one receiver includes a linear receiver array.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one receiver includes one or more individual receivers, at least one individual receiver associated with each of the plurality of planes.
10. A method for determining the concentration of chiral molecules in a fluid comprising:
transmitting initially polarized light through a fluid chamber;
polarizing the initially polarized light transmitted through the fluid chamber in at least a first plane and a second plane, the second plane being different from the first plane, to provide subsequently polarized light;
measuring an intensity of the subsequently polarized light in the at least two planes;
comparing a measured intensity of the subsequently polarized light when the fluid chamber does not contain the fluid and when the fluid chamber contains the fluid; and
determining the concentration of the chiral molecules based upon, at least in part, a difference in the measured intensity of the subsequently polarized light when the fluid chamber does not contain the fluid and the measured intensity of the subsequently polarized light when the fluid chamber contains the fluid.
11. The method of claim 10 , further including providing a fluid capable of containing a concentration of chiral molecules in the fluid chamber.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the chiral molecules include glucose molecules.
13. The method of claim 11 , further including measuring an intensity of the subsequently polarized light when the fluid chamber does not contain the fluid and measuring an intensity of the subsequently polarized light when the fluid chamber contains the fluid.
14. The method of claim 13 , further including providing a visual indicator of measured intensity of the subsequently polarized light in one or more of the plurality of planes.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the visual indicator includes a curve of measured intensity of the subsequently polarized light in one or more of the plurality of planes.