Swellable downhole structures including carbon nitride materials, and methods of forming such structures
A swellable downhole article includes a swellable material and a carbon nitride material. The swellable material may include at least one of an elastomeric material and an absorbent material. The carbon nitride material may remove cations from a downhole fluid. Methods of forming the swellable downhole article are also disclosed, as are methods of forming a carbon nitride containing material for removing contaminants from a fluid.
1. A swellable downhole article, comprising:
a swellable material having a shape defining an inner diameter configured for receiving a portion of an outer diameter of a portion of a tubular component, the swellable material comprising at least one of an elastomeric material or an absorbent material; and
a carbon nitride material comprising a C 3 N 4 polymer material configured for removing cations from a wellbore fluid.
2. The swellable downhole article of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nitride material is homogeneously distributed within the swellable material.
3. The swellable downhole article of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nitride material surrounds at least a portion of the swellable material.
4. The swellable downhole article of claim 1 , further comprising a filter proximate the swellable material, the filter comprising the carbon nitride material.
5. The swellable downhole article of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nitride material comprises particles of carbon nitride having an average particle diameter ranging from about 100 nm to about 1,000 nm.
6. The swellable downhole article of claim 1 , wherein the swellable material comprises between about fifteen percent by weight (15 wt. %) and about thirty-five percent by weight (35 wt. %) of the carbon nitride material.
7. The swellable downhole article of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nitride material comprises at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyurea, and polyamine.
8. The swellable downhole article of claim 1 , wherein the swellable material comprises acrylonitride butadiene rubber.
9. The swellable downhole article of claim 1 , wherein the swellable material comprises at least one of an acrylic copolymer or a cellulosic material.
10. The swellable downhole article of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of an ion exchange resin or a functionalized graphene.
11. The swellable downhole article of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a cellulose, an acrylic copolymer, a curative, a filler material, an activator, an antioxidant, a process aid, or an accelerator.
12. The swellable downhole article of claim 1 , wherein the C 3 N 4 polymer material comprises graphitic carbon nitride.
13. The swellable downhole article of claim 1 , wherein the C 3 N 4 polymer material comprises a multi-walled structure, adjacent walls of the multi-walled structure separated by between about 3 Å and about 4 Å.
14. The swellable downhole article of claim 1 , further comprising discrete particles of an ion exchange material within the swellable material.
15. A method of forming a swellable downhole article, the method comprising:
forming a swellable material comprising at least one of an elastomeric material or an absorbent material, the swellable material formulated and configured to expand from an initial state to a swollen state upon contacting a wellbore fluid; and
providing a carbon nitride material comprising a C 3 N 4 polymer material wherein the carbon nitride material is at least one of dispersed in the swellable material or disposed in a material proximate the swellable material.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising selecting the carbon nitride material to comprise particles having an average particle diameter ranging from about 100 nm to about 1,000 nm.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein providing the carbon nitride material within the swellable downhole article comprises providing the carbon nitride material within the swellable material.
18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising forming the swellable downhole article to include a filter, and wherein providing the carbon nitride material comprises providing the carbon nitride material within the filter.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein providing the carbon nitride material comprises providing the carbon nitride material dispersed in the swellable material, the swellable material comprising between about fifteen percent by weight (15 wt. %) and about thirty-five percent by weight (35 wt. %) of the carbon nitride material.
20. The method of claim 15 , further comprising providing at least one of an ion exchange material or a functionalized graphene within the swellable downhole article.