Metal nanowire inks for the formation of transparent conductive films with fused networks
Fusing nanowire inks are described that can also comprise a hydrophilic polymer binder, such as a cellulose based binder. The fusing nanowire inks can be deposited onto a substrate surface and dried to drive the fusing process. Transparent conductive films can be formed with desirable properties.
1. A metal nanowire ink comprising aqueous solvent, from about 0.001 wt % to about 4 wt % metal nanowires, from about 0.05 wt % to about 5 wt % solid hydrophilic polymer binder soluble in the solvent, and from about 0.00025 to about 0.5 wt % soluble metal ions, wherein the hydrophilic polymer binder comprises a polymeric polyol.
2. The metal nanowire ink of claim 1 wherein the hydrophilic polymer binder comprises a polysaccharide.
3. The metal nanowire ink of claim 1 wherein the hydrophilic polymer binder comprises a cellulose based polymer or chitosan based polymer.
4. The metal nanowire ink of claim 1 comprising from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % silver nanowires, from about 0.1 wt % to about 2 wt % polysaccharide polymer binder, and from about 0.001 to about 0.2 wt % soluble silver ions.
5. The metal nanowire ink of claim 1 comprising from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % silver nanowires, from about 0.1 wt % to about 2 wt % polysaccharide polymer binder, and from about 0.001 to about 0.2 wt % soluble metal ions selected from the groups consisting of silver, gold, platinum, palladium, zinc, nickel and combinations thereof.
6. The metal nanowire ink of claim 1 having from about 5 wt % to about 60 wt % liquid, alcohol in the aqueous solvent.
7. The metal nanowire ink of claim 1 having a pH at least about 3 pH units.
8. The metal nanowire ink of claim 1 having a from about 3.5 to about 7.5 pH units.
9. The metal nanowire ink of claim 1 wherein no visible settling can be observed after one hour of sitting without stirring.
10. The metal nanowire ink of claim 1 further comprising from about 0.01 wt % to about 2.5 wt % curable binder.
11. A metal nanowire ink comprising a mixture of an aqueous solvent, from about 0.001 wt % to about 4 wt % silver nanowires, from about 0.00025 to about 0.5 wt % soluble silver ions from an added silver salt, anions from the silver salt selected from the group consisting of nitrates, sulfates, perchlorates, acetates, and fluorides, and from about 20 wt % to about 60 wt % liquid alcohol in the aqueous solvent.
12. The metal nanowire ink of claim 11 comprising a polysaccharide.
13. The metal nanowire ink of claim 11 comprising a cellulose based polymer or chitosan based polymer.
14. The metal nanowire ink of claim 11 comprising from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % silver nanowires, from about 0.1 wt % to about 2 wt % polysaccharide polymer binder, and from about 0.001 to about 0.2 wt % metal ions selected from the groups consisting of silver, gold, platinum, palladium, zinc, nickel and combinations thereof, the ink having a pH from about 3.5 to about 7.5 pH units.
15. The metal nanowire ink of claim 11 wherein no visible settling can be observed after one hour of sitting without stirring.
16. A metal nanowire ink comprising solvent from about 0.001 wt % to about 4 wt % metal nanowires, from about 0.05 wt % to about 5 wt % solid hydrophilic polymer binder soluble in the solvent, from about 0.00025 to about 0.5 wt % soluble metal ions, and from about 0.01 wt % to about 2.5 wt % curable binder distinct from the hydrophilic polymer binder.
17. The metal nanowire ink of claim 16 wherein the hydrophilic polymer binder comprises a cellulose based polymer or chitosan based polymer.
18. The metal nanowire ink of claim 16 comprising from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % silver nanowires, from about 0.1 wt % to about 2 wt % polysaccharide polymer binder, and from about 0.001 to about 0.2 wt % silver ions.
19. The metal nanowire ink of claim 16 wherein the solvent is an aqueous solvent having from about 5 wt % to about 60 wt % liquid alcohol.
20. The metal nanowire ink of claim 16 further comprising a photoinitiator and wherein the curable binder comprises polyurethane, acrylic resin, acrylic copolymer, polyether, polyester, epoxy containing polymer, or mixtures thereof.