Molten metal-containing vessel and methods of producing same
View Patent ↗Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a vessel for containing or conveying molten metal therein. At least part of the outer surface of the vessel incorporates a web of metal wires embedded in the surface, the wires being mutually overlaid with openings formed therebetween. The refractory material penetrates into the openings. The web may comprise woven metal wires or non-woven wires or both. The web imparts resistance to cracking (or containment of cracks, once formed) and/or resistance to molten metal leakage if cracks develop. The invention also provides metal containment structures containing such vessels, and methods of producing the same.
1. A vessel for molten metal, the vessel comprising a body of refractory material having a cavity for containing or conveying molten metal, and an outer surface having a web of metal wires embedded therein, said wires being overlaid with respect to each other with openings formed between said wires into which openings said refractory material penetrates, wherein the web of metal wires comprises at least two overlying web sections, one of the web sections comprising a woven matrix of metal wires for providing structural reinforcement to the refractory material and another of the web sections comprising a non-woven matrix of metal wires including a plurality of metal wires overlying one another in a random fashion and matted together to define a plurality of openings having an average width in a range of 50 μm to 350 μm and a plurality of convoluted paths across a thickness of the non-woven matrix for resisting penetration of the molten metal through the non-woven matrix of metal wires.
2. The vessel of claim 1 , wherein said body has a horizontal level above which an upper surface of molten metal contained in or conveyed through the cavity does not extend during normal use of the vessel, and wherein said web of metal wires is embedded in at least all parts of said outer surface at and below said horizontal level.
3. The vessel of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the metal wires of the woven matrix is greater than a thickness of the metal wires of the non-woven matrix.
4. The vessel of claim 1 , wherein the web section comprising the non-woven matrix is positioned closer to the outer surface than the web section comprising the woven matrix of metal wires.
5. The vessel of claim 1 , wherein the at least two overlying web sections are joined to each other.
6. The vessel of claim 1 , wherein said non-woven matrix is positioned closer to said outer surface than said woven matrix.
7. The vessel of claim 1 , wherein said woven matrix is positioned closer to said outer surface than said non-woven matrix.
8. The vessel of claim 1 , wherein the woven matrix of said wires has openings with an average width greater than an average width of openings in the non-woven matrix.
9. The vessel of claim 8 , wherein the average width of the openings in the woven matrix is in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm.
10. The vessel of claim 8 , wherein the average width of the openings in the woven matrix is in a range of 1 to 10 mm.
11. The vessel of claim 8 , wherein the average width of the openings in the non-woven matrix is in a range of 50 μm to 150 μm.
12. The vessel of claim 8 , wherein the average width of the openings in the non-woven matrix is about 100 μm.
13. The vessel of claim 1 , wherein said metal wires are made from a metal which resists attack by molten metal conveyed by the trough section.
14. The vessel of claim 1 , wherein said metal wires are made from a metal selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, titanium, Ni—Cr based alloys and Fe—Cr—Al based alloys.
15. The vessel of claim 1 , wherein the vessel is an elongated trough or trough section with said cavity forming a channel extending from one longitudinal end of said body to another end thereof.
16. The vessel of claim 15 , wherein said body has an upper surface and said channel is open at said upper surface of the body.
17. The vessel of claim 15 , wherein the body of the vessel completely encloses the channel except at said longitudinal ends.
18. The vessel of claim 1 , wherein said vessel is an article selected from the group consisting of an elongated metal-conveying trough, a container for a molten metal filter, a container for a molten metal degasser, and a crucible.