Diagnostic and therapeutic application of CTL and NK functionally selected cells
The invention proposes a novel therapeutic and diagnostic methodology based on the use of effector cells (for example CTL and NK cells) selected for being able to induce lysis in target cells. In particular, the invention teaches how to select strains of effector cells of the immune system according to their lytic properties. It also teaches how diagnostic procedures for checking the activity of therapeutic vaccines can be improved with respect to what shown. Finally, it shows how cell therapies used at present can be improved by using this approach.
1. Method for the isolation of immune system cells having cytolytic activity from a population of immune system cells previously collected from a human being, comprising the steps of: a) interacting the population of immune system cells with target cells by inducing the contact of a single cell from the population of immune system cells with a target cell, wherein the immune system cells having cytolytic activity are capable of inducing lysis in the target cells; b) identifying which target cells have undergone lysis; and c) selecting immune system cells having cytolytic activity by displacing on a single cell basis only those immune system cells that have induced said lysis of the target cells within 20 minutes of interacting the population of immune system cells with target cells; wherein said steps a), b), and c) are carried out by displacing single cells using a miniaturized device based on a dielectrophoresis-based array which allows real-time monitoring and manipulation of single immune system cells having cytolytic activity without altering the cytolytic activity of the immune system cells having cytolytic activity.
2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the target cells are selected from the group consisting of: lymphoblastoid cells, tumor cells, and microorganisms.
3. Method according to claim 1 , wherein said immune system cells having cytolytic activity are T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) and/or Natural Killer (NK) cells.
4. Method according to claim 1 , wherein selecting only those immune system cells having the cytolytic activity that have induced lysis of the target cells is carried out either by optical imaging techniques preceded by marking at least said target cell, or by impedance measurement techniques.
5. Method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of collecting and expanding the selected immune system cells having cytolytic activity in order to create clones of the immune system cells having cytolytic activity.
6. Method according to claim 5 , wherein said expansion step is carried out by repeating said steps a), b) and c) on the immune system cells having cytolytic activity which have been selected at the end of the step c).
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the miniaturized device comprises a lab-on-a-chip device.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said human being is a neoplastic patient.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the target cells are loaded with a fluorescent marker.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein step b) comprises detecting a decrease of the fluorescence signal from the target cells following lysis of the target cells by the immune system cells having cytolytic activity.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the fluorescent marker is calcein.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying which target cells have undergone lysis is performed within 10 minutes of interacting the population of immune system cells with target cells.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one target cell is loaded with an antigen, and wherein the immune system cells having cytolytic activity specifically induce lysis only in target cells loaded with said antigen.