Synchronization control system
The various embodiments herein relate to systems and methods for controlling the operation of a pulsatile heart assist device in a patient. The systems and methods include utilizing sounds and electrical signals produced by the heart to control the operation of the heart assist device.
1. A heart assist system, comprising:
(a) a heart assist device comprising an inflatable cuff configured to apply pressure to blood in a blood vessel;
(b) a pump configured to generate fluid pressure;
(c) a fluid disposed within the inflatable cuff and the pump, the fluid configured to transfer the fluid pressure between the pump and the inflatable cuff;
(d) a controller operably coupled to the pump; and
(e) a phonocardiographic (“PCG”) lead operably coupled to the controller, the PCG lead comprising a sound sensor configured to detect heart sounds, wherein at least a portion of the sound sensor is positioned in contact with the fluid,
wherein the controller is configured to use the heart sounds to control the operation of the heart assist device.
2. The heart assist system of claim 1 , wherein the blood vessel is an aorta, and further wherein the inflatable cuff is configured to apply the pressure to an exterior of the aorta.
3. The heart assist system of claim 1 , wherein the inflatable cuff comprises a flexible membrane, wherein the flexible membrane is configured to apply the pressure to the blood in the blood vessel.
4. The heart assist system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is a liquid or a gas.
5. The heart assist system of claim 1 , wherein the heart sounds comprise S1 and S2 sounds.
6. The heart assist system of claim 1 , wherein the heart sounds comprise sounds created when an aortic valve of the heart closes.
7. The heart assist system of claim 1 , wherein the sound sensor comprises a microphone.
8. A heart assist system, comprising:
(a) a pump configured to generate fluid pressure;
(b) an inflatable cuff operably coupled to the pump, the inflatable cuff configured to receive fluid pressure from the pump and apply pressure to blood in a blood vessel;
(c) a fluid disposed within the inflatable cuff and the pump, the fluid configured to transfer the fluid pressure between the pump and the inflatable cuff;
(d) a controller operably coupled to the pump;
(e) a digital signal processor and transmitter (DSPT) operably coupled to the controller, the DSPT comprising a PCG channel; and
(f) a PCG lead operably coupled to the PCG channel of the DSPT, the PCG lead comprising a sound sensor configured to detect heart sounds, wherein at least a portion of the sound sensor is positioned in contact with the fluid,
wherein the DSPT is configured to transmit signals relating to the heart sounds to the controller, and further wherein the controller is configured to transmit actuation instructions to the pump based on the signals relating to the heart sounds from the DSPT.
9. The heart assist system of claim 8 , wherein the sound sensor comprises a microphone.
10. The heart assist system of claim 8 , wherein the DSPT is wirelessly coupled to the controller.
11. The heart assist system of claim 8 , wherein the inflatable cuff comprises a flexible membrane, wherein the flexible membrane is configured to apply the pressure to the blood in the blood vessel.
12. The heart assist system of claim 8 , wherein the fluid is a liquid or a gas.
13. A method of controlling a heart assist system, the method comprising:
positioning a PCG lead such that at least a portion of the PCG lead is positioned in contact with a fluid configured to transfer fluid pressure between a pump and an inflatable cuff;
detecting a heart sound with the PCG lead;
transmitting a signal relating to the heart sound to the controller; and
applying pressure to blood in a blood vessel with an inflatable cuff based on the heart sound.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising transmitting an actuation signal from the controller to the pump based on at least one of the signals relating to the heart sound.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising actuating the pump to generate fluid pressure based on the actuation signal.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising transferring the fluid from the pump to the inflatable cuff as a result of the fluid pressure, whereby the inflatable cuff is inflated.
17. The method of claim 13 , further comprising receiving the signals relating to the heart sound at a digital signal processor and transmitter (DSPT) and transmitting signals relating to the heart sound to the controller.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising transmitting an actuation signal from the controller to the pump based on at least one of the signals relating to the heart sound from the DSPT.