Dynamic power flow controllers
Dynamic power flow controllers are provided. A dynamic power flow controller may comprise a transformer and a power converter. The power converter is subject to low voltage stresses and not floated at line voltage. In addition, the power converter is rated at a fraction of the total power controlled. A dynamic power flow controller controls both the real and the reactive power flow between two AC sources having the same frequency. A dynamic power flow controller inserts a voltage with controllable magnitude and phase between two AC sources; thereby effecting control of active and reactive power flows between two AC sources.
1. A system of controlling active and reactive power flows between a first AC source and a second AC source, comprising:
a transformer comprising a first set of windings and a second set of windings, the first set of windings of the transformer configured to be coupled to a first line-neutral voltage of a first phase, the first line-neutral voltage corresponding to a first AC source; and
a power converter having an input and an output, the input of the power converter configured to be coupled to a second voltage corresponding to a second phase and a third voltage corresponding to a third phase, the output of the power converter coupled to the second set of windings of the transformer;
wherein the power converter is configured to inject an adjustable voltage in series with a voltage across the second set of windings of the transformer to create a second line-neutral voltage, the second line-neutral voltage corresponding to a second AC source.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the transformer comprises a first tap configured to provide the second voltage and a second tap configured to provide the third voltage, the first tap and the second tap are configured to be on the first set of windings.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the transformer comprises a first tap configured to provide the second voltage and a second tap configured to provide the third voltage, the first tap and the second tap are configured to be on the second set of windings.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second voltage is provided by a voltage source.
5. The system of claim 4 , further comprising the voltage source.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the voltage source is a medium voltage to 480V transformer.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the transformer is a three-phase transformer and the first set of windings are connected in a delta configuration.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the transformer is a single-phase transformer.
9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a control module, the control module configured to regulate a duty cycle of the power converter.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the control module is configured to regulate the duty cycle based on a constant such that the adjustable voltage comprises a first voltage component in quadrature with the first line-neutral voltage.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the control module is configured to regulate the duty cycle based on an even harmonic such that the adjustable voltage comprises a first voltage component in phase with the first line-neutral voltage.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the even harmonic is a second harmonic.
13. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a fail-normal switch, the fail-normal switch coupled across the power converter.